Hwaman

Hwaman (Sandean: 화만) are comics or graphic novels originating from Sandea. In Sandea, people of all ages read hwaman. Hwaman can come in several different genres, including action, adventure, comedy, drama, gaming, historical fiction, fantasy, horror, mystery, romance, science fiction, and sports.

Since the mid-1970s, hwaman have become a large part of the Sandean publishing industry. Although they originated in print form, they can also be published on websites and apps as "web hwaman". Many hwaman have also been adapted into live-action and animated television series.

Hwaman volumes
After a monthly series has run for a while, the publisher will compile the series' chapters into book-sized volumes called sudoseo (수도서) volumes. The term sudoseo is a reversed portmanteau of the Sandean words jibsu (집수), meaning "collection"; and seodo (서도), meaning "book". The term literally means "collection book".

Sudoseo volumes are typically printed as softcover books that can feature four to eight chapters per book. They are printed in a very similar way to American graphic novels.

Web hwaman
Web hwaman are hwaman published on the Internet and/or through mobile applications. These hwaman are usually published on hwaman platforms, websites that exclusively host web hwaman. However, many web hwaman artists also publish their works on websites such as and, or hybrid websites such as Picsub. Full-length chapters are often published in the form of files, while comics in the  are published as  or.

Web hwaman saw a spike in popularity in the late 2000s. Print hwaman has seen a decrease in sales since the early 2010s thanks to computers, tablets, and smartphones.