Ithiel

Ithiel, officially the Federative Republic of Ithiel (Spanish: República Federativa de Ithiel), is a country located in the North Pacific Ocean sharing maritime borders with Japan and Russia. With a mainland area of 1,247,783 km2 (481,781 sq mi), It is the 22nd-largest country in the world. With a population of more than 140 million people, It is the eleventh most populous country in the world.

The sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature. Ithiel is a federation composed of 32 federative units (27 provinces, 1 federal district, 4 union territories).

Ithiel is a developing country and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy transitioning from being based on agriculture to being based more on services and manufacturing. The nation is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, the East Asia Summit, and G20.

Etymology
The name "Ithiel" comes from the river, Ithiel River, located in the Pavía Province.

Prehistory: 709,000 years ago
There is evidence of early hominins living in what is now Ithiel as early as 709,000 years ago. A small number of bones from the Galo Cave potentially represent an otherwise unknown species, Homo ithielensis, that lived around 50,000 to 67,000 years ago.

Colonization: 1552-1810
Colonization began when Spanish explorers arrived in 1552. From 1552 to 1810, Ithiel was governed as part of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain. Tensions between the Spanish and Ithielians increase as the Spanish tried to re-establish Ithiel as a colony. The Ithielians refused to yield, then declared independence.

Independent Empire: 1810-1845
The Ithielian Revolution of 1810 occurred after the Declaration of Independence. The war was considered to be the bloodiest in Ithiel's history. After months of war for independence, Ithiel was officially a independent state which Spain recognizes just a year later.

Confederated Provinces of the Ithielian Nation: 1845-1983
The Confederated Provinces of the Ithielian Nation was formed after the overthrowing of Emperor Urbano Salinas. Rogelio Orellana stated that it was for the restoration of the Ithielian Nation and time for Democracy. The Confederated Provinces would last until 1983 after the 1983 Ithielian Constitution was in effect.

Federative Republic of Ithiel: since 1983
After a long run of the Confederated Provinces, Ithiel's official name was renamed to the "Federative Republic of Ithiel" after the 1983 Ithielian Constitution was in effect. Former President Miguelito Estanislao stated that the Confederated Provinces was a test run for Ithiel, and it worked perfectly

Geography
Ithiel is located in the North Pacific Ocean sharing maritime borders with Japan and Russia. With a mainland area of 1,247,783 km2 (481,781 sq mi), It is the 22nd-largest country in the world. The islands are composed of volcanic, coral, principal rock formations. Eight major types of forests are distributed throughout Ithiel; dipterocarp, beach forest, pine forest, molave forest, lower montane forest, upper montane or mossy forest, mangroves, and ultrabasic forest. The mainland area which is located southeast of Japan is where most of the population lives.

Climate
The mainland area experiences 4 different seasons every 2 months; Spring (March to May), Summer (June to August), Autumn (September to November), Winter (December to February). 3 provinces in the southern region experiences a tropical maritime climate that is usually hot and humid.

Biodiversity
Ithiel is a megadiverse country. Around 1,100 land vertebrate species can be found in Ithiel including over 100 mammal species and 170 bird species not thought to exist elsewhere, The Ithielian Eagle is the national animal and bird in the country. Parts of its marine waters contain the highest diversity of shorefish species in the world.

Government
Ithiel is a federal constitutional republic and representative democracy. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the Constitution of Ithiel, the country's supreme legal document. The seat of government is the city of Bolivar, as designated by Congress. Suffrage is universal, equal, secret and mandatory.

The federal government is composed of three branches:


 * The Legislative branch consists of the bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Congress makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties and has the power of the purse and of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. The Chamber of Deputies represents the people and has 300 voting members elected to a four-year term. Seats are apportioned among the provinces by population every tenth year. The Chamber of Senators represents the provinces, has 85 members elected at-large to six-year terms, with each province having three seats; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. At least one-third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women.
 * In the Executive branch, the President is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law—subject to Congressional override—and appoints the members of the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The President is elected directly by the vote of the people, serves a four-year term and may be elected to office no more than twice in a row.
 * The Judicial branch includes the Supreme Court and lower federal courts interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional. The Judicial is independent of the Executive and the Legislative. The Supreme Court has seven members appointed by the President—subject to Senate approval—who serve for life. The lower courts' judges are proposed by the Council of Magistracy (a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, researchers, the Executive and the Legislative), and appointed by the President on Senate approval.

Federative Units
Ithiel is a federation of 32 federative units (27 provinces, 1 federal district, 4 union territories). Provinces are divided for administration purposes into departments and municipalities. Provinces hold all the power that they chose not to delegate to the federal government; they must be representative republics and must not contradict the Constitution.

Foreign affairs
The foreign affairs of Ithiel are headed by the President, as head of state, and managed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Ithiel has diplomatic missions in all continents.