Crootch language

The Crootch language (baazdul Krotol'  / бааздул Кротоль) is the main language of Crootchistan. It is very far related to the Basque language, but, in general, the language is not similar to any existing language, especially in its sounding.

The language almost does not have borrowings and does not have articles at all. It also has no genders. Stressing in the language is not stabil. The Crootch language uses a complicated system of tenses and cases and its grammar is very not typical for an European language as well as the grammar of the Basque language.

Crootch is an agglutative language, what means that different suffixes and endings can seriosly change the meanings of the words.

The names of the language
The original name Krotol' / Кротоль comes from the Crootch word kroozo – "a spirit".

In order to make the word krotol'  to mean particularly the language (since this word can be added to mean any Crootch thing, for example, the Crootch culture (Krotol' nasharuga)), the word baazdul, meaning "a language", is frequently added.

In English the language is officially called "Crootch [kʁut͡ʃ]";

in German – die Krutische Sprache;

in Polish – język krócki, there is a Polish saying "Język krócki, nie krótki, ale okrutny", meaning "The Crootch tongue, not short but cruel";

in Basque – Krutsiera [krut͡ʃiɛra];

in Russian – кручский язык [krut͡ʃskij jazɨk];

in Romanian – limba crotolă;

in Moldovan – языка кроталэ;

in Turkish – kruça;

in Spanish – krucho or la idioma krucho;

in Navajo – Łichííʼ Bizaad [ɬit͡ʃi: piza:t] "the red language", the Navajo name can have two meanings: either they described this way that the language is unclear for them (the same way the Sioux described the Cheyenne language naming it "red") or they meant that the language is beautiful (for example, in Russian the word "красивый ("beautiful")" came from the word "красный ("red")";

in Bulgarian / Macedonian – кручски език (Bg.) / jазик (M.);

in Serbian / Croatian / Bosnian / Montenegrin – кручски jезик (Sr.) / krućski jezik (the others);

in Italian – Krocio;

in French – krutchais [kʁut͡ʃɛ];

in Czech and Slovak – kručina;

in Slovenian – kruščina;

in Greek – κρότολκα (krotolka);

in Danish – Krutjask [kʁut͡ʃɛsk];

in Finnish and Estonian – kruchka kieli (Fin.) / keel (Est.);

in Hungarian – krucs nyelv;

in Japanese – クルチ (kuruchi);

in Indonesian and Malaysian – Bahasa Krucia;

in Icelandic and Norwegian – kruska;

in Tamil – கொரொடோல் மொழி (korotool mozhi);

in Georgian – ქროჩული (krochuli);

in Welsh – crysiaeg [kroʃɑːɡ];

in Hindi – क्रोटोल [krotoɫ];

in Zulu – isiKrotol;

in Latvian – Krotolu valoda.

Alphabet and Phonetic
The language has very many sounds but most of them are rather rare.

The most common digraphs and letters: dz, sh, l, l', rh, r, m, n, v, g, d, t, yo, k;

medial frequence: ch, z, s, ya, y, kh;

rare dipgrahs, tripgraphs and letters: c, f, kk, tt, ll, khl, ss, ye, n', ś;

very rare: b, p, j, zh, nn, vv, dd.

The singular nouns only can have the next endings: -n (deen – "everything, all"), -k (muk – "a kid, a child"), -g (morvug – "an enemy, a nemesis"), -o (arkso – "a town, a city"), -r (myekhotar – "a bird"), -rh (burh – "a head"), -u (cakheyrhu – "a soul"), -z (froz – "a word"), -s (nuoriyookis – "a drawing, a painting"), -a (maekhlva – "a field"), -t (mzulfut – "a level"), -m (am – "a land"), -kh (ashaalkh – "a tribe"), -/ or -ll (shaal – "a night", shigill – "a morning"), -zh (azaalizh – "experience"), -i (shenooki – "control (noun))", -d (amkhleyd – "landscape"), -p (kshaurip – "a lizard").

The verbs in the tebses, which are not continuous, can end only with the next endings: -n (garrekun – "to explode"), -m (dzoshum – "to open"), -r (joumungaar – "to worry about, to care about"), -sh (gel'vetosh – "to improve"), -a (toivachuga – "to deserve"), -i (vungi – "to notice"), -u (shukaru – "to fly, to dream"), -g (micugolzag – "to invent"), -t (kun'yoshet – "to shine"), -s (toivas – "to give").

The adjectives can end only with the next endings: -i (cungul'yoshi – "typical"), -d (gel'ved – "good, nice"), -a (śiugella – "wise"); -l'  or l or ll (choogel'  – "similar", dzogul – "hard", otumaall – "important"), -z (anikhlcaaz – "thick"), -sh (gvooruash – "dirty, messy"), -kh (khliidulikh – "boring"), -n (kel'damon – "sweet"), -k (amshesarhuk – "tender, sensitive"), -t (tufgikhlaat – "sharp"), -u (mizutoru – "cunning"), e- (turhve – "bold, brave").

The letters and the sounds:

a – /a/ – like in "fAther", an example: ak [ak] – "a house";

aa – /a:/, an example: naak [na:k] – "to eat";

b – /b/ – like in "Bomb", an example: shibo [ʂibo] – "ready";

ch – /t͡ʃ/ – like in "CHeck", an example: chungu [t͡ʃungu] – "small, little";

c – /t͡s/ – like in "siTS", an example: micuyoki [mit͡sujoki] – "new";

d – /d/ – like in "DaD", an example: door [do:r] – "music";

dz – /dz/ – does not exist in English, an example: dzou [dzou] – "when";

dd – /d:/, an example: bazaddukun [bazad:ukun] – "a situation, a location";

f – /f/ – like "Five", an example: fachung [fat͡ʃung] – "a bit, a little";

g – /ɡ/ – like in "Gold", an example: goondzu [go:ndzu] – "soon";

e – /ɛ/ – like in "hElp", an example: dzevug [dzɛvug] – "a part";

ee – /ɛ:/, an example: vichineeki [vit͡ʃinɛ:ki] – "courageous, brave";

ye – /je/ – like in "YEs", an example: lyeachuga [ljeat͡ʃuga] – "to find";

k – /k/ – like in "knoCK", an example: Kao? [kao] – "What?";

kk – /k:/, an example: rokkuon [rok:uon] – "a problem";

l – /ɫ/ – like in "Let", an example: morvushel [morvuʂɛɫ] – "dangerous, risky";

l' – /l soft/ – like in "pLease", an example: ashagel'  [aʂagɛl] – "beautiful";

ll – /l/ – does not exist in English, an example: shigill [ʂigil] – "morning";

o – /o/ – like in "sOrrow", an example: tukutoru [tukutoru] – "happy";

oo – /o:/, an example: mookh [mo:x] – "a reason";

u – /u/ – like in "fOOd", an example: Murut! [murut] – "Hi!";

uu – /u:/, an example: gel'vetuuka [gɛlvɛtu:ka] – "to match";

p – /p/ – like in "Pack", an example: kshaurip [kʂaurip] – "a lizard";

rh – /ʁ/ – like in "ARabic", this "r" is not sonant, an example: narhu [naʁu] – "to do";

r – /r, r̥/ – sonant "r", does not exist in English, an example: rou [rou] – "I (the pronoun)";

rr – /r:, r̥/, an example: chorron [t͡ʃor:on] – "bad";

s – /s/ – like in "Sick", an example: sarhami [saʁami] – "to understand";

ss – /s:/, an example: runassa [runas:a] – "to mature";

sh – /ʂ/ – like in "SHarp", an example: shaal [ʂa:ɫ] – "night";

ś – /ɕɕ/ – like in "SHeer", an example: śyorgel'  [ɕɕjorgɛl] – "pleasant";

kh – /x/ – like in "loCH", an example: tumunzakh [tumunzax] – "fear, a phobia";

khl – /ɬ/ – the Welsh "ll" sound, does not exist in English, an example: khleyn [ɬɛjn] – "autumn";

t – /t/ – like in "Take", an example: toiva [tojva] – "to have";

tt – /t:/, an example: chukuttu [t͡ʃukut:u] – "enough", chukut-ta [t͡ʃukut:a] – "not enough";

m – /m/ – like in "Mock", an example: murhichi [muʁit͡ʃi] – "to like (something)";

n – /n/ – like in "Not", an example: shenaki [ʂɛnaki] – "to control";

n' – /ɲ/ – does not exist in English, Spanish ñ, an example: kishin' yaki [kiʂiɲjaki] – "today";

nn – /n:/, an example: enna [ɛn:a] – "real";

y – /j/ – like in "toY", an example: cakheyrhu [t͡saxɛjʁuj – "a soul";

i – /i, j/ – like in "kIdney", examples: in [in] – "it", veiga [vɛjga] – "to want, to wish (to do something)";

ii – /i:/, an example: nasiitka [nasi:tka] – "approximately, nearly, cirka";

v – /v/ – like in "Visit", an example viaguk [viaguk] – "a thing, an object (material)";

vv – /v:/, an example: savvaku [sav:aku] – "a flower";

z – /z/ – like in "quiZ", an example: dovagolzag [dovagoɫzag] – "to approve";

zh – /ʐ/ – like in "pleaSure", an example: kizhminyogel'  [kiʐminjogɛl] – "sudden".

J j – /dʒ/ – like in "Joy", an example: jala [dʒala] – "crazy, insane".

' – /ʕ/, an example: na'achiika [naʕat͡ʃi:ka] – "to agree".

A Cyrillic adaptation for the Crootch language is below.

а – a;

аа – аа;

б – b;

ч – ch;

ц – c;

д – d;

дд – dd;

дз – dz;

ф – f;

г – g;

э – e;

ээ – ee;

е – ye;

к – k;

кк – kk;

л – l;

ль – l';

лл – ll;

o – o;

oo – oo;

у – u;

уу – uu;

п – p;

' or թ – rh;

р – r;

рр – rr;

с – s;

сс – ss;

щ – ś;

ш – sh;

х – kh;

хл or ԓ – khl;

т – t;

тт – tt;

м – m;

н – n;

нн – nn;

нь – n';

й – y;

и – i;

ии – ii;

в – v;

вв – vv;

з – z;

ж – zh;

дж – j;

ё – yo;

я – ya;

ъ – ' (ʕ).

Suffixes
Some suffixes can indicate what kind of word the noun is, for example, the suffix -ug indicates that the word means an occupation:

kolka ("evil") – koltug ("a villain");

suvanekha ("to use") – suvanug ("an user");

toiva ("to have") – toivug ("an owner");

undratoiva ("to work") – undratoivug ("a worker") etc.

The suffix -ak indicates that the noun is a building:

ikachi ("to learn") – ikachiak ("a school");

kosheda ("to create, to make") – kosheak ("a factory");

frozug (as you can see, the suffix -ug is also sometimes used with not only the words related to people; "a book") – frozuak ("a library") etc.

The suffix -faik means that the word is some space or a hall:

iklaash ("cold") – iklaashfaik ("a fridge");

dool ("rest") – doolfaik ("a bedroom");

naak ("to eat") – naakfaik ("a kitchen");

ikachi ("to learn") – ikachifaik ("a classroom") etc.

Phrases
Crootch phrases are listed below.
 * Bai/Chea – "Yes".
 * Ta – "No".
 * Kao nin? – "What is this/that/it?".
 * Noshega rou – "My name is (literally: "I call myself")".
 * Toidzo... – "I am (age) old".
 * Kao nekium? – 'What about you?".
 * Ni-gel'ved / Gel'vedya / Kissa (literally, this word means "joy") – "Alright/OK/I am satisfied with that".
 * Ennaya? – "Really?".
 * Shegamita rou Krotol'-do / Shegamita rou Krote – "I do not speak Crootch".
 * Shegami rou tarhen Englatol'-do / Shegami rou tarhven Englate – "I can speak only English".
 * Shigo – "There is need to (if this word is used with pronouns, then the pronouns stay in Dative)".
 * Tashigo – "There is no need to".
 * Seigo – "One can/One may".
 * Baldzota – "I do not know (only when you was asked, for example, where is a WC near or whatever; it means knowledge not about things in general)".
 * Inum baldzo – "I know what you mean".
 * Cheango / chogiliizhen / dagongo / makhel'teve – "For sure / certainly / exactly / definitely".
 * Murut! – "Hi!".
 * Murukatoru! – "Hello!/Greetings!".
 * K'yorud (naceeyrhu) – "Thank you (very much)/Thanks".
 * Kolyon – "Excuse me".
 * Shel'mudzo, aksh... – "I think that/I guess that".
 * Aru! – "Bye!".
 * Arukatoru! – "Goodbye!".
 * Shaalukatoru! – "Good night!".
 * Shikatoru! – "Good morning!".
 * Neki sarhamdzota – "I do not understand you (exactly now; mostly about speech)".
 * Noi sin'chiikan' – "Believe me".
 * Amikarun'! – "Help me!".
 * Meshedez – "Please".
 * Doy tashotu – "You are welcome".
 * Ni-sanm'yoshel! – "Amazing!/Cool!/Super!/Great!".
 * Tan rokkuon – "It is nor a problem/No problems".
 * Sil'vetaakh nrou, shegamdzuyo edulikhe – "I am tired, talk to you later".
 * Amshemurdzo neki – "I love you".
 * Shrok-ta/Dzokkal'-ta – "Not now/Later".
 * Tashigo inde norha!/Ni-mokhvagel'-ta! – "It cannot be!/It is impossible!".
 * Undratodzo – "I am busy".
 * Tayo bonu – "I have no money".
 * Incen tayo lingru – " 'I have no time (for this)".
 * Shuimengel'-do vishaniimdzo! – "You made me mad!".
 * Ni-viidulikh – "I understand/I see".
 * Veidzo a-naak – "I am hungry".
 * Ni-narhun'! – "Do it!".
 * Sakuuman' cakheyrhe – "Do not give up".
 * Ni-chaneekul (aksh)... – "To be honest...".
 * Nin vebalza / Ni-vebalza (aksh)... – "I am sure (that)...".
 * Na'adzo (nekidum) – "I agree (with you)".
 * Enokadzeva lingya chin' – "It has already changed/It is already different/it is not what you think".
 * Roiva shigo – "I had to".
 * Kinaflized mikaru seigo? – "How can I help?".
 * Naflize-do gurhu – "In anyways".
 * Slikaveshadzo, mikayarhu – "I am glad to help/You are welcome (another variant)".
 * Baldzoyook daruma, kay dreiguk shamdzok – "Knowledge is important, but skills are more important".
 * Adu gel'vezok shangrotte! – "Good luck to you!".
 * Nin gel'vedya venarhu! – "Good job!/Well done!".
 * Einvyeraan! – "See you later!".
 * Gurhu-do shokimset – "As usually".
 * Lingre dzou murhikhe – "When it is boring/When you are bored".
 * Nashin'yaki ni-chorron-toki – "Tomorrow it will be better/Tomorrow is a new day".
 * In mekhludze/dzel' (aksh)... – "It means (that)".
 * En voshug-yon frozug (literally: "A book is my friend") – "I love/like reading/books".
 * En tashot mokhvagel'-ta – "Nothing is impossible".
 * Bovashgel'yokka – "It is very easy".
 * Veidzo adu a-shungul'yoza – "I want to give you an advice".
 * Ni-chumshiga – "It is obligatory".
 * Ishniroodzel' – "it is excess/It is not needed now".
 * Vegal'ceroki nrou – "I am lost/I got lost".
 * Ni-fokhlovete – "It is interesting".
 * Nin vayruvekkun lingru – "It is about time".
 * Mazivel' nrou / Mazilooge toidzo – "I am ill/sick".
 * Lingrave – "In (the right) time".
 * Edze gel'vedya nekidum – "You do/You are doing it really well".
 * Shlidzuumi tashigo – "No needs to be sad (lit.: No needs to cry)".
 * Notunarhun'! / Ni-tunarhun'! – "Stop it!".
 * Kun'yodza nokhlu – "I am glad for you".
 * Samkheshao gurhu shlizg – "Better than anything (lit.: "better than any water")".
 * Shigo sagami/Ni-sagamin' – "Forget that".
 * Shigo ni-sagamita/Ni-sagamin'ta – "Do not forget it".
 * Ni-tachineshi – "I feel sick".

The parts of the human's organism and all of this in Crootch
velkha – "a human-being / a person";

runa – "a man / a male";

shuna – "a woman / a female";

muk – "a kid, a child";

mukamura – "children";

dzovakisug – "a teenager";

ki'isovelkha – "an oldman";

velkhamura – "people";

shingo – "a life";

raveshis – "a birth";

shingmura – "an organism";

gim – "a tooth";

gimgo – "a bone";

giumura – "a skeleton";

navgushlizg – "blood";

burh – "a head";

burhma – "a brain";

chonrokh – "hair";

vekh – "a face";

vun – "an eye";

guma – "an ear";

sheguma – "a mouth";

shadur – "a nose";

iska – "a tongue";

lyep – "a neck";

ekzok – "a leg";

turg – "a heart";

koyg – "a hand";

lopaluk – "a penis";

lopashlizg – "sperm".

The nature things in Crootch
Mounkhissa – "nature";

Eguski – "the Sun";

Lura – "the Earth";

Ilargi – "the Moon";

noodun – "the sky";

chinooko – "a forest";

marang – "a tree";

myedoos – "a plant";

kelidoos – "a berry";

orlyeguk – "grass";

savvaku – "a flower";

falguud – "a cave";

myekhotar – "a bird";

aran – "fish";

shlizg – "water";

mizuk – "a lake";

shvog – "a sea";

galiinf – "an ocean";

smava – "a mushroom";

dung – "a stone";

mendu – "a mountain";

shuimendu – "a volcano";

shuiguk – "fire";

khuzhan – "rain";

kliz – "ice";

iklaayz – "snow";

kel'di – "sugar";

gaca – "salt";

fal'skraag – "a valley";

moonoren – "the weather";

lingra – "the time";

iklaash – "cold";

iklaashog – "coldness";

mekhlate – "warm";

mekhlashog – "heat";

shugumorhu – "hot";

chori – "air";

niri – "the ground";

zraakh – "thunder";

dakhlu – "wind";

eridor – "a bear";

alunesha – "a wolf";

un'yassi – "a rabbit";

zaldi – "a horse";

m'yolg – "honey";

sil'veeso, sil'veyook – "energy";

ma'achagel'yok – "magic, witchcraft";

kun'yok – "light";

kroozo, avicheeka – "a spirit, a ghost";

vurkoda – "a creature";

vuuri, krua – "an animal";

fugokhlaad – "a colour";

fugoshlizg – "juice, nectar".

Grammar
The order of the words in sentences is free, except for some rules, for example, norha – "to be" always stands at the end of a sentence.

Plural
Plural is made by means of tne endings -ch (if a word ends with a vowel) and -ach (if a word ends with a consonant); if a word ends with kh, then plural is made by means of the ending -sh. To express plural with different noun cases, the ending -a is often used as well.

The cases and declension
The Crootch grammatic cases with examples are present below.  
 * Rumig – "a/the friend"; rumigach – "friends"; velkha – "a person"; velkhash – "persons, people".
 * Nevudzo rumigE – "I see a/the friend (now)"; Nevudzo rumigchE – "I see the friends (now)"; Nevudzo velkhE – "I see a person (now)"; Nevudzo velkhashE – "I see the persons (now)" (what? whom?).
 * Ak rumigU – "the/a house of a/the friend"; Ak rumigchU – "a/the house of the friends"; Ak velkhU – "the house of the person"; Ak velkhashU – "the house of the persons"; Śyorgel'yok shalyokKU – "The pleasure of the dream" (of what? of whom?).
 * Toivas rumigAD – "to give to a/the friend"; Toivas rumigachAD – "to give to the the friends"; Toivas velkhaD – "to give to the person"; Toivas velkhashAD – "to give to the persons" (to what? to whom?).
 * Teirhu voshug-DO, nay gel'ved, norhayo – "You will be a good friend (rumig and voshug have the same meaning)"; Mekhlate-O bagol norhayo – "The day will be warm"; Dorhuyo gel'ved rumig-DOch – "We will be good friends" (to be/to become what? to be/to become whom?).
 * Nuoriyoodzo nuoriguk-DO – "I am drawing with a pencil"; Nuoriyoodzo nuoriguk-DOch – "I am drawing with the pencils" (by what?).
 * Darumdzal' deirhu ashka-DO – "You (plural) have been thinking for a week"; mekhlamur-DO – "in (during) summer" (while/during what?).
 * ChinookA (Nominative: Chinooko) – "In a/the forest"; chinookchA – "in (the) forests"; akA (Nominative: ak) – "in a/the house"; akchA – "in the houses"; agaVA (Nominative: aga) – "inside you"; galazdoyokKA (Nominative: galazdoyok) – "in the darkness"; cakheyrhuA (Nominative: cakheyrhu) – "in the soul" (in what? in whom? inside what? inside whom?).
 * RumigDUM – "with a/the friend"; RumigaDUM – "with the friends"; velkhaDUM – "with a person"; velkhaDUMa – "with the persons"; falgudDUM (Nominative: falguud) – "with a cave" (with whom? with what?).
 * Daredzo voshuTKHA – "I am moving to a/the friend"; Daredzo voshugaTKHA – "I am moving to the friends"; Daredzo velkhaTKHA – "I am moving to the person"; Daredzo velkhaaTKHA  – "I am moving to the persons" (to move to whom? to move to what?).
 * RumigTAS – "without a/the friend"; rumigaTAS – without the friends; velkhaTAS – "without the person"; velkhaTASa – "without the persons" (without what? without whom?).
 * NireNUK – "on the ground" (on what? on whom?).
 * RumigCEN – "for a/the friend"; rumigaCEN – "for the friends"; velkhaCEN – "for a person"; velkhaCENa – "for the persons" (for what? for whom?).
 * RumigUM – "about a/the friend"; rumigchUM – "about the friends"; velkhUM – "about a person"; velkhashUM – "about the persons" (about what? about whom?).
 * Rumig-DON – "as a friend"; rumiga-DON – "as friends"; velkha-DON – "as a person"; velkha-DONa – "as persons" (as what? as who?).
 * Akhvizdiikha rumigVE – "to stay by (near) a/the friend"; rumigVEch – "to stay by (near) the friends" (to be located by what? to be located by whom?).
 * Rumig-DAN – "like a/the friend"; Rumiga-DAN – "like the friends" (like what? like who?).
 * KrotoamKO – "from Crootchistan"; falgudUKO (Nominative: falguud) – "from a cave"; rumigO – "out of the friend" (from where? out of what? out of whom?); rumigOch – "out of the friends".
 * RumigTUKH – "behind a/the friend"; rumigaTUKH – "behind the friends"; velkhaTUKH – "behing the person"; velkhaTUKHa – "behind the persons" (behind what? behind whom?).
 * RumigTUZ – "through the friend"; rumigaTUZ – "through the friends"; ashkaTUZ – "in a week"; velkhaTUZ – "through a person"; velkhaTUZa – "through the persons" (through what? through whom? in what? (about time)).

Present Simple and the rest
Crootch tenses, as opposed to English, must be very precisely used. For example, if you have a thing or if you see something exactly now, you must necessarily use Present Continuous. Verbs conjugate only in the Continuous tenses.

In Present Simple the verbs never change. This tense is used to say about things you do always or in general: Fingilla rou nevunga voshuge – "I see the friend often"; A-mikhlaitok murhichi rou – "I like to run/I like running".

En – "is/are": Doorka en gel'ved – "The song is good". Doorka en gel've-ta – "The song is not good".

Another construction means using nay – "which/who is/are": Doorka, nay gel'ved – "A song, which is good"; Velkha, nay shufuri – "A person, who is nice".

Participles are made by means of the next rules:

if a verbs ends with -a and -u, it is always cut, then if after it a verb ends with -m, -sh, -v, -r, -rh or -i you add the ending -igu (-gu in the last case): varhum ("to come") – varhumigu ("coming"), gel'vetosh "to improve" – gel'vetoshigu ("improving"), sarham ("to understand") – sarhamigu ("understanding"), shoiva ("to write") – shoivigu ("writing"), mikaru ("to help") – mikarigu ("helping"), narhu ("to do") – narhigu ("doing") etc.;

if the verb ends with -k or -g, -d, -kh, -z, -s or -n you add the ending -u: shaltuk ("to sleep") – shaltuku ("sleeping"), bazda ("to locate, to situate") – bazdu ("locating, situating"), varrakun ("to ask") – varrakunu ("asking"), divyenrokh ("to remember") – divyenrokhu ("remembering"), balza ("to know") – balzu ("knowing"), toivotaas ("to give") – toivotaasu ("giving"), navigolzag ("to discover") – navigolzagu ("discovering");

if the verb ends with -t you add the ending -tu: bon'yoshet ("to pay") – bon'yoshettu ("paying").

Adverbs are made by adding to adjective and participles the ending -ya; moreover, if a word ends with a vowel, it is often cut (but this rule is never used if a word ends with a nosonant): ashagel'  ("beautiful") – ashagel' ya ("beautifully"); turnrooki ("nice") – turnrookya ("nicely"); kisiyoki ("amusing") – kisiyokiya ("amusingly") etc.

Exceptions:

dayogon ("exact") – dagongo ("exactly");

arvoshku ("entire") – arvotuko ("entirely");

domasii ("strong") – domasko ("strongly");

cheagoon ("true") – cheango ("truly");

raviyoki ("serious") – ravituko ("seriously");

mardrook ("constant") – mardrol'go ("constantly");

tomishoogel' ("absolute") – tomishootu ("absolutely").

Postpositions in the language is an important part, too. They are mostly used after adjectives. For example, the postposition -shot can be added to the end of the adjectives, which end with -l'  and -i; this postposition means "completely, absolutely, fully":

ma'achagel'-shot – "absolutely magical".

gulumi-shot – "absolutely soft".

The pospositions -yol' and -toki mean "very"; -yol' is used with most of the adjectives:

turnrooki-yol'  – "very nice";

shorkash-yol'  – "very horrible";

doshin'yoki-yol'  – "very curious".

The postposition -toki with the same meaning is used if a adjective ends with -l':

tumunzel'-toki – "very scary";

ashagel'-toki – "very beautiful";

mazivel'-toki – "very sick/ill".

This postposition is also used with all the adverbs:

gel'vedya-toki – "very well/so well";

vidulikhya-toki – "very clearly/so clearly";

maakhgel'ya-toki – "very sadly/so sadly".

The most common postposition -ta (ta) is used with any part of speech and means negation:

m'yok-ta – "not a cat";

katoru-ta – "not kind";

sagamita – "not to forget".

The word aksh ("that") can be converted into a postposition, too, if a word to which it should be added ends with a vowel or -n, or -k:

Eshekasum roivash, ni-anm'yosuga [ɛʂɛkasum rojvaʂ ni-anmjosuga] – "I said that it is beneficial";

Nin shayooki, ni-gel've-dayo, a-norhash [nin ʂajo:ki ni-gɛlvɛ-dajo a-noʁaʂ] – "It can be that it will not be good";

Darumdzo, fingoniel' nagash [darumdzo fingoniɛl nagaʂ] – "I think that you are intelligent";

Baldzo, ni-chorronash [baɫdzo ni-t͡ʃor:onaʂ] – "I know that it is bad";

Taruni baldze, nin makhgel'yoksh [taruni baɫdzɛ nin maxgeljokʂ] – "Nobody knows that it is a sorrow".

The possesive pronouns in Crootch are postpositions as well:

afaik-yon – "my room";

afaik-yan – "your room";

afaik-yen – "his/her/its room";

afaik-yonu – "our room";

afaik-yon'  – "their room";

afaik-yan'  – "your (plural) room".

Degree of comparison always depends on the adjective's ending:

ashagel'  ("beautiful") – ashagella ("more beautiful") – ashagel' khe ("the most beautiful");

shlisarhuk ("wet") – shlisarhuka  ("more wet") – norhishlisarhuk ("the most wet");

mautoru ("fast") – mautorua ("faster") – mautoruzok ("the fastest");

otumaall ("important") – otumaalla ("more important") – norhiotumaall ("the most important");

gulumi ("soft") – gulumia ("softer") – gulumizok ("the softest");

shorkash ("horrible") – shorkashu ("more horrible") – norhishorkash ("the most horrible");

shukumaan ("strange") – shukumaana ("more strange") – shukumaanzok ("the most strange");

edulikh ("late") – edulikhe ("later") – edulikha ("the latest");

fokhlovete ("interesting") – fokhlovetea ("more interesting") – fokhlovetezok ("the most interesting").

Exceptions:

gel'ved ("good") – samkhet ("better") – gel'vezok ("the best");

domasii ("strong") – domassa ("stronger") – domazok ("the strongest").

To say that you, for example, like something the most, you always use zok:

Murhichi rou khleyne zok – "I like autumn the most".

Pronouns:

nrou [nrou] – "I am";

naga [naga] – "you are (not politely)", Enmiku – "you are (politely)";

nrui [nruj] – "he is";

neiva [nɛjva] – "she is";

nin [nin] – "it is", the word na means "This one is", the word tan means "it is not";

naika [najka] – "we are";

naiga [najga] – "you are (plural)";

nrouku [nrouku] – "they are".

Future Simple
This tense is used when an action is meant to be in the future, but not a process. The Crootch ending for the Future tenses is always -yo. However, It can be added to any word in a sentence, not only to verbs. The same as in Present Simple, in Future Simple verbs never change:

Daoshook inaflized rouyo daruma azantoga [daoʂo:k inaflizɛd roujo daruma azantoga] – "Maybe I will think this way in the future";

Nin shayooki, velkhamura koldzuayo, a-norhash [nin ʂajo:ki vɛɫxamura koɫdzuajo a-noʁaʂ] – "It can be that the people will regret";

Noshoiva dumgel'ya aika nazukulyo [noʂojva dumgelja ajka nazukuɫjo] – "We will meet each other again as well (not once in the future)".

Present Continuous
The Continuous tenses in Crootch are always used when the action is meant to be a process.

Verbs conjugate in this tense with the next endings: rou ("I") – -dzo; aga and Miku ("you" – not politely and politely) – -dza; rui/eiva/in ("he/she/it") – -dze/-dzel'   ; aika ("we") – -dzu; aiga ("you" in plural) – -dzal'   ; rouku ("they") – -dzol' .

Making the Continuous form out of a verb can be a problem for those, who do not speak the language: it is not always clear how to make this, for example, shegami ("to speak") – shegamdzo; shekasum ("to say") – shekadzo; shenarhu ("to admit") – shenarhudzo etc.

Pronouns in the Continuous tenses are almost always not used because the verbs have enough information.

As opposed to English, the verbs of feelings, such as "to see", "to hear", "to love", can stay in Crootch in the continuous tenses, but there are exceptions nevertheless: shamdzok ("to decide"), dzolg ("to open"), dzoshum ("to close"), toivotuka ("to trust") etc.

In the continuous tenses some adjectives can play the role of verbs, for example,

Shufurdze bagol – "The day is nice (shufuri – "nice")";

Ashagel' dza – "You are beautiful now (ashagel'  – "beautiful")";

Du'undze rui – "He is behaving stupidly (du'ungu – "silly, stupid")" etc.

Past Continuous
This tense is made by means of the same endings as Present Continuous, but additionally by means of the ending -khe: Shlidzokhe – "I was crying"; Narhudzakhe – "You were doing" etc.

Future Continuous
This tense is made by means of the same endings as Present Continuous, but additionally by means of the ending -yo  (and again, it does not matter to wich word in the sentence you add this ending): Shlidzayo – "You will be crying"; Makhel'teveyo kishin'yaki narhudzo-ni – "I will be doing it today for sure" etc.

Present Perfect
This tense is always used when it means that the action has been finished.

The tense is made by adding e- to the beginning of a verb. If a verb starts with i-, you cut it and add e- instead: narhu ("to do") – enarhu; ikushi ("to meet") – ekushi.

If the tense is used in a sentence without a pronoun, you must add du (singular) and duk (plural) to the end of the sentence: L'youk evarhum du [ljouk ɛvaʁum du] – "The boy has come/The boy came"; Velkhash enaak duk [vɛɫxaʂ ɛna:k duk] – "The people ate/have eaten".

If there are the pronouns in a sentence, you need to convert them to the "perfect" form:

rou → roiva [rojva];

aga/Miku → teirhu [tɛjʁu];

rui → keirhu [kɛjʁu];

eiva → eiśi [ɛjɕɕi];

in → chin' [t͡ʃiɲ];

aika → dorhu [doʁu];

aiga → deirhu [dɛjʁu].

Examples: Ekashvidzoka dorhu ake [ɛkaʂvidzoka doʁu akɛ] – "We have left the house/We left the house";

Kishin'yaki enevinrokh-ni eiśi [kiʂiɲjaki ɛnɛvinrox-ni ɛjɕɕi] – "She has read it today";

Esarhami keirhu tuvumgel'ya [ɛsaʁami kɛjʁu tuvumgɛlja] – "He has understood finally/He understood finally" etc.

By adding the ending -nen to the pronouns in the perfect form you can express "already":

Ekhvoshida roivanen [ɛxvoʂida rojvanɛn] – "I have already joined";

Enevunga eiśinen [ɛnɛvunga ɛjɕɕinɛn] – "She has already seen";

Enarhu teirhunen chukuttu [ɛnaʁu tejʁunen t͡ʃukut:u] – "You have done enough already".

Future Perfect "Far"
The tense is used when it is meant that an action will happen in the future, but not certainly. As opposed to Present Perfect, in this tense you do not add e- to the beginning of a verb. Like in most of the Crootch future tenses, you add -yo to any word in the sentence:

Chinooke dorhu lyeachugyo [t͡ʃino:kɛ doʁu ljeat͡ʃugjo] – "We will have found the forest";

Shekasum eiśiyo, krok ni-narhu [ʂɛkasum ɛjɕɕijo krok ni-naʁu] – "She will have said how to do it";

Magul'shiida myekhotaryo goondzu du [magulʂi:da mjexotarjo go:ndzu du] – "The bird will have died soon".

Future Perfect "Close"
The tense is used when it is meant that an action will certainly happen in the nearest future. As opposed to the "Far" Future Perfect, you add the -ne instead of -yo. If a verb ends with -a, -u or -i, you have to cut it, but -a is sometimes not cut. If there are no any pronouns in a sentence, du and duk, as opposed to the "Far" future Perfect, are not needed:

Roiva ikushne rumige [rojva ikuʂnɛ rumigɛ] – "I am going to meet a friend/I will have met a friend (very soon);

Dorhu chugekhlane ina-mende [doʁu t͡ʃugeɬanɛ ina-mɛndɛ] – "We are going to climb this mountain/We will have climbed this mountain (very soon)";

Ikachne l'youk tonokhle [ikat͡ʃnɛ ljouk tonoɬɛ] – "The boy will have learnt the lesson (very soon)".

Present Perfect Continuous
This tense is made by the same endings as the other continuous tenses, but to make this tense you, to addition to the endings of the Continuous tenses, need to convert the pronouns to the "perfect" form:

Shegamdzu dorhu 3 (iru) lin'yok-doch [ʂɛgamdzu doʁu iru liɲjok-dot͡ʃ] – "We have been talking for 3 hours";

Lyeayodzo voshuge roiva [ljeajodzo voʂugɛ rojva] – "I have been looking for a friend";

Darumdzol'  chigo ashka-do [darumdzol t͡ʃigo aʂka-do] – "They have been thinking for a week".

If there are no the pronouns in a sentence, you add du (singular) and duk (plural) to the end of the sentence:

Gushtu bagol-do nevinrodze l'youk du [guʂtu bagoɫ-do nɛvinrodze ljouk du] – "The boy has been reading for the whole day";

Nekhlkach gushtu bagol-do mikhladzol' duk [nɛɬkat͡ʃ guʂtu bagoɫ-do miɬadzol duk] – "The girls have been running for the whole day".

Passive Voice
Passive Voice exists in the language only in two forms: present and future. It is made by using "to be" or the pronouns in the "perfect" form (but it is not necessary and the pronouns can stay in the "present" form) together with the prepositions ve- and yo-:

Nin venarhu [nin vɛnaʁu] – "It was/is/has been made";

En vesagami doorka [ɛn vɛsagami do:rka] – "The song was/is/has been forgotten";

Vetumunza nrou domasko [vɛtumunza nrou domasko] – "I was/am/have been strongly scared".

The preposition -yo is used when a verb already has -v-:

Yoravesha neiva naceeyrhu falguuda [joravɛʂa nɛjva nat͡sɛ:jʁu faɫgu:da] – "She was/is/has been born in a big cave";

Yovungi azantogayo teirhu chogiliizhen [jovungi azantogajo tɛjʁu t͡ʃogili:ʐɛn] – "You will be/will have been noticed in the future for sure";

an exception: Yochogil'yoga dorhu arvotuko ina-velkhum [jot͡ʃogil'joga doʁu arvotuko ina-vɛɫxum] – "We are/were/have been entirely convinced about this person".

The ending -nen added to the verbs can express "already":

En rokkuon vekhlyeachuganen – "The problem was / is already solved".

Crootch names
Crootch names always have particular meanings and come mainly from the Crootch words.

Below are some of the examples (the acuts mean stressing):

Eníísi [ɛni:si] (male, shortened: Ééni) – "living, existing (from enna – "real")";

Darumési [darumɛsi] (male, shortened: Darém) – "thinking, thoughtful (from daruma – "to think")";

Tomási [tomasi] (male, shortened: Tómi) – "a strong one (from domasii – "strong")";

Eridómell [ɛridomel] (male) – "bear-like (from eridor – "a bear")";

Túkkoyen [tuk:ojen] (male, shortened: Túkko) – "a happy one (from tukutoru – "happy")";

Drélshik [drɛɫʂik] (male, shortened: Dréégo) – "a formidable one (from dreshigel' – "formidable, impressive")";

Dóóyorven [do:jorven] (male, shortened: Dórvin) – "the one, who plays music (from door – "music")";

Rokkunázo [rok:unazo] (male, shortened: Rokúza) – can be interpreted as "the strong, the dangerous one" because rokku means "a danger";

Makiárvo [makiarvo] (male)/Makiárvi [makiarvi] (female) – "pure like a kid (from muk – "a kid" and arvoshku – "entire")";

Shavák [ʂavak] (female, shortened: Shávi) – "a careful mother (from shavigel' – "careful")";

Tarimé [tarimɛ] (female, shortened: Tára) – "bird-like (from myekhotar – "a bird")";

Eguési [ɛguɛsi] (female, shortened: Éiga) – "sunny (from Eguski – "the Sun")";

Alumé [alumɛ] (female, shortened: Alú) – "wolf-like (from Alushima – "she-wolf");

Nuorimé [nuorimɛ] (shortened: Núúri) – "colourful (from Nuori – "paint")".

Text extracts
1.

''Nagushiko, ina-frozug murudzogel' a-tonokhlashos beyvash, vokhlaya dzogul bazaddukuncha toivonarhu kinaflized. Ni-gevukhlayoki, aksh voorvatu lingra-do mokhvamalzog mokhvayookach, nay shoyrukhsi-yol', koldzooshel va'akiiski. Nistoki frozug shayooki velkhamurcen shungul'yoki-do a-norha''.

"Mainly, this popular book tries to teach, which way is the best for that to behave correctly in hard situations. It is obvious that very terrible and also cruel events happen in our generation. Such a book is able to be useful for people".

2.

Below are short extracts from a famous Crootch book called "A weirdo from that forest (Shukumavelkha na-chinokko / Шукумавэлха на-чинокко)".

''Inka flidda shufuri shigill. Evishaakha moonoren shel'gyetuz mekhlate-o kishin'yaki a-norha, kaygullmeli noodun akhluyooshel fachung viaguk-do norhka, du. Nazukul munshrok a-tomuza kundayooke chinooka, Eniisi eshamdzok a-zulshuka falguude, iva nrui shayooki a-lyeachuga nazhguvel' smavche fingilla, du. Kay shrolingkh enokadzeva chin' makhel'teve shukumaanya...''

"It was another nice morning. The weather was going to be quite warm today, however the sky was a bit gloomy. Before to start a hunt in the forest again, Eniisi decided to check the cave, in which he is often able to find tasty mushrooms. But this time it turned on really weirdly...".

3.

''Tarokato koldzook shelyoke, Eniisi lyeayoodzekhe. Kina-bagol cheango dzogul druicen untukrok shelkavookh vatukkusu-da norhka. Barto shaal etomuza keirhu a-vishaniima toirua chorronya, kaygullmeli kishin'yaki inka domassa. "Tarhven tonnug en shayooki a-balza kao nin. Shigo drui lyeachuga!" – inku drumlingach-yen; "Makhel'teve ni-chorron-yoli, aksh tarhoku ni-sik'yatokhvo a-lyeachuga tonnuge, beigayarhu. Drua falguuda seigo shroka norha, kay nin vebazda voorhimya-toki arhko...".''

(The same in Cyrillic) ''Тарокато колдзоок шэлъёкэ, Энииси леаёёдзэхэ. Кина-багол чэанго дзогул друйцэн унтукрок шэлкавоох ватуккусу-да ноթка. Барто шаал этомуза кэйթу а-вишаниима тойруа чорронъя, кайгуллмэли кишиньяки инка домасса. "Таթвэн тоннуг эн шаёёки а-балза као нин. Шиго друй леачуга!" – инку друмлингач-ен; "Махэльтэвэ ни-чоррон-ёли, акш таթоку ни-сикьятохво а-леачуга тоннугэ, бэйгаяթу. Друа фалгууда сэйго шрока ноթа, кай нин вэбазда вооթимъя-токи аթко...".''

"Despite his bad state, Eniisi was looking for. This day was for sure hard for him because his health was very not stabil. Last night he started to feel quite badly, however today it became worse. "Only the shaman can know what is that. I must find him!" – these were his thoughts; "It is certainly very bad that it is never possible to find the shaman, when you need him. He can be in the cave now, but it is located so faraway from here..."

4.

''Roiva baldzo-ni! Antukshe azaalitas ni-bovashgel' a-sarhami, chigo nokhlu kshegoldzol' aksh. Ta, ta, tomishootu nrou samshug-ta. Veidzo tarhven a-shodvagolzag avachimzeelya, shigal' rou zu nirenge narhu. Naflize-do gurhu, vishaniimdzota, nin gel'vetuuku aracha incen aksh. Seigo shaltuk, kay shigal' rou zu? Lingra en kishin'yaki cheango, dzou nrou shayooki nia-toon lingragushi-do! Isi, nin sil'vetayook, nokhlu ma'ashiidu... Yoshin'yaki darumdzoyo.''

''Ройва балдзо-ни! Антукшэ азаалитас ни-бовашгэль а-саթами, чиго ноԓу кшэголдзоль акш. Та, та, томишооту нроу самшуг-та. Вэйдзо таթвэн а-шодваголзаг авачимзээлъя, шигаль роу зу нирэнгэ наթу. Нафдизэ-до гуթу, вишаниимдзота, нин гэльвэтууку арача инцэн акш. Сэйго шалтук, кай шигаль роу зу? Лингра эн кишиньяки чэанго, дзоу нроу шаёёки ниа-тоон линграгуши-до! Иси, нин сильвэтаёёк, ноԓу маъашииду... Ёшиньяки дарумдзоё.''

"(A monologue #1) I have been knowing that! It is easy to understand even without experience that they hated me. No, no, I am absolutely not angry. I only want to realize completely whether I should do anything. I do not feel it is a suitable evening for this in anyways. I can sleep, but should I? Today is certainly the time when I am able to change it forever! Well, there is tiredness, which is killing me. I will think tomorrow".

5.

''Kshegoldzo moonorne! Bovashgel'ya nin shayook-ta koldzooka-do a-norha! Ni-mechumekhlumi shroka a-sarhami gel'vedya, shigo dareka zu de arhkhye tunka. Naceeyrhu chinooka istoki moonoren-do antukshe ni-dzogul bovashgel'ya marange a-lyeachuga, shegamiyarhuta falguudum. Intarokato, lingra tundzeta, shelkavookh-yon vakoski. Toivotuka rou shokimsetya vunchad-yon... Kao nin tarhkye?..''

''Кшэголдзо моонорнэ! Бовашгэлья нин шаёёк-та колдзоока-до а-ноթа! Ни-мэчумэԓуми шрока а-саթами гэльвэдъя, шиго дарэка зу дэ аթке тунка. Нацээйթу чиноока истоки моонорэн-до антукшэ ни-дзогул бовашгэлья марангэ а-леачуга, шэгамияթута фалгуудум. Интарокато, лингра тундзэта, шэлкавоох-ён вакоски. Тойвотука роу шокимсэтъя вунчад-ён... Као нин таթке?..''

"(A monologue #2) I hate this weather! It is simply not able to become worse already! It is significant to understand now well whether I must move or wait here. In a big forest with such weather it is hard to find even simply a tree, not mentioning a cave. Despite it, the time does not wait as well as my health. I usually trust my eyes... What is that right there?..".

6.

''– Baldza, aksh? Enavigolzag roiva cheango śyorgel' drotte, nay dumgel'ya shonsuvi.''

– Nistoki drotta mokhvagel' tarhven shalyokka voorvatu lingra-do.

''– Ta! Sarhamdzo, aksh ni-khyorhgel' in-do sinchiika. Isi, bovashgel'ya tunshukne roiva. Lyeaś!''

Shavokhla makilingru, ekhlyeatoiva chigo naceeyrhu chinooke, iva Eniisi lungshoode toiva du.

''– Rou balza ina-chinookum. Eguloma roivash nin tumunzel' drotta.''

''– Tomishootu ni-vokhla-ta, Drelshik. Chinooko vatuksua shingyokhla. Taseigo lyeachuga drotte, nay shtel'gakhe!''

''– Gulomsheyarhu ina-chinookum, ni-khyorhgel' in-do a-sinchiika... Kaygullmeli nrou shibo. Tunshukan' vokhlayooke.''

"(A dialogue #1)

– Do you know what? I have discovered a truly pleasant place, which is also silent.

– Such a place is possible only in a dream (while sleeping) nowadays.

– No! I understand that it is difficult to believe. Well, I will simply show. Follow me!

After some time, they reached the big forest, in which Eniisi had his home.

– I know about this forest. I heard that it is a scary place.

– It is absolutely not true, Drelshik. The forest lives in calmness. We cannot find a safer place.

– After the things I heard about this forest it is hard to believe... However I am ready. Show me the truth!"

7.

''– Arhkye yocumeshi arvotuko ni-ma'achagel', noderooza shaal dzou. Mounkhisse vishaniiman'''.

– Nokhlucen, Iskanool' neki, ni-dzogul tomishootu untukrok nin vishanook micuyoki.

– Shodvagoldzo, kay tashot en chosankul inde, noi sin'chiikan'.

''– Toiling vishanimdzota gurhuyooke, nay dasuuga... Sishenmeli deidru shingo chinooka narhumalzog vishanooke vokhla a-toivachi. ''

– Isi, ni-maakhgel' chogiliizhen untukrok tarhven shroka ni-mokhvagel' a-vishaniima.

''– Tunkan'! Ish kao nin? Nirenge vishaniimdzo! Ni-vebalzata, vokhla nin vishanook zu, kay makhel'teve nirenge vishaniimdzo... Nirenge, e tarhoku munchul'go evishaniima roiva.''

''– Nia-shoivamalzog beyvashan'! ''

– Isi, nina-vishanook... Choogel' tomishoogel' vatuksud... Nin vebalza: tomishootu veidzota a-kruzuma.

''– Ni-sanm'yoshel! Munchul'go eshekasum roiva: nin ma'achagel' chinooko''.

"(A dialogue #2)

– There is always magic here, when a night comes. Feel the nature.

– As opposed to you, for me it is absolutely hard because it is a new feeling.

– I understand, but nothing can be compared with it, believe me.

– I am not feeling anything, what is unusual, yet... Perhaps exclusively life in a forest allows to get the correct feeling.

– Well, that is surely sad because it is possible to feel only now.

– Wait! But what is that? I am feeling something! I am not sure whether it is the correct feeling, but I am definitely feeling something... Something, what I never felt before.

– Try to describe this!

– Well, this feeling is... Similar to absolute calmness... I am sure: I absolutely do not want to worry.

– Amazing! I said before: it is a magical forest".

Crootch dubs
Most media is dubbed into Crootch, subtitling is usually only used for the hearing impaired.

The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (Micuyoki feykroch Vinni-Pukhdum)

 * Winnie the Pooh → Vinni-Pukh
 * Aired in the 90's on the Crootchistani television channel CGT 1, currently rerun as of 2018 on CGT Yay!
 * The opening song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWpMU3m2q2A

Darkwing Duck (Galkhotar)

 * Drake Mallard/Darkwing Duck → Nisskia Hotar/Galkhotar

Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears (GumiEridochi)
The opening song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nr8COb7aB0M

Phineas and Ferb (Finisi yek Ferhb)
The songs:

the opening song – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANeqhfVeyc4

"My Nemesis" – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHNtQeuVXXY&lc=z23lfjcoklv5edqof04t1aokgyltwu3pxu3pu3z5rppcbk0h00410.1525291017970842

"Come Home, Perry" – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQOyQ1C6TTw

"When We Didn't Get Along" – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AT8RV3rI-o

The Moomins (Muminach)
The opening song – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ag-vvsEFdsA

Adventure Time (Lingra Feykrochu)
The opening song – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsETFD9kv3U