Politics of Magisteria

The politics of Magisteria take place in the framework of what the Constitution defines as a federal presidential participatory democratic republic, whereby the President of Magisteria is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is carried out by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the National Congress, the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

The executive branch is headed by the president and is independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch (or judiciary), composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, exercises judicial power. The judiciary's function is to interpret the Magisterian Federal Constitution and federal laws and regulations. This includes resolving disputes between the executive and legislative branches. The federal government's layout is explained in the Constitution. The four political parties, the Big Two (Magisterian Democratic Party and National Republican Coalition), the Liberal Party, and the United Equality Party, are the recognized major parties in the country.

State government
State governments have the power to make laws on all subjects that are not granted to the federal government or denied to the states in the Magisterian Federal Constitution. These include education, family law, contract law, and most crimes. Unlike the federal government, which only has those powers granted to it in the Constitution, a state government has inherent powers allowing it to act unless limited by a provision of the state or national constitution.

Like the federal government, state governments have three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The chief executive of a state is its popularly elected governor, who typically holds office for a four-year term (although in some states the term is two years). 27 states have a bicameral legislature while 8 states have a unicameral legislature, most bicameral legislature houses usually called the Senate for the upper house and the lower house called the Chamber of Deputies, the House of Representatives, or something similar, while 7 unicameral state legislatures are called the Federal Assembly and only one unicameral state legislature (Philadelphia state) is called the 'State Council'.

The constitutions of the various states differ in some details but generally follow a pattern similar to that of the federal Constitution, including a statement of the rights of the people and a plan for organizing the government. However, state constitutions are generally more detailed.