Magisteria

Magisteria, officially the Magisterian Democratic Socialist Republic (French: République Socialiste Démocratique Magistère), is a country located in North America bordered by the United States. It also has maritime borders with, Minecraftia, and the El Kadsreian Islands (with Utikalor). It is a federal republic, consisting of 41 main federal entities (35 states, a federal district, and five autonomous republics). With a population of 238 million people, it is one of the most populous countries in the world.

Indigenous peoples from Siberia arrived in the land now known as Magisteria by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived between 12,000 years ago or an earlier date. A kingdom was later declared in 1367 under the name of North Pacificia, with three monarchical dynasties - Caietanus, Eutychius, Terianomali - ruling the country in the span of 23 decades before falling into the hands of Great Britain in 1601. A treaty was later signed in 1735 between France and the United Kingdom, which resulted into Magisteria going under French control until 1784 where Magisteria declared it's independence as a commonwealth realm, becoming the first independent realm.

Tensions between the federalist Liberal Party and the Conservative Party that support a centralized government has been spewing since the country's independence. During the time of the tensions between the two parties, the Conservative Party was in-control and always scored a majority to the then-bicameral commonwealth Parliament. The 1813 general election was surrounded with allegations of election rigging, which led to the War for Federalism, lasting from 1813 to 1815, which the federalists won. The country went through a transitional government before the brand new federalist constitution was introduced on 1817.

Magisteria declared the first republic under the 1855 Constitution, making Peter Brady the first President and the final Governor-General. The first republic was rather shaky than stable, as Economic shocks between 1861 and 1863 led to major political crises and widespread social unrest, and it was clear that a change was needed to achieve a stable republic. A provisional constitution was ratified and made in effect in 1863, and a one-year process was made to stabilize the economy and the political system, and in December 1864, the second constitution was made in effect to declare the second republic.

The second republic was a major success, with a history of very healthy elections, economic prosperity, and social equality. Things started to get a bit rocky in the political system by 1969 that the government decided to hold a highly successful plebiscite in May 1970 regarding the creation of a new Constitution. The third constitution was in-effect on 31 August 1971.

on 29 February 1976, a series of bombings occured mainly in the Federal Capital Territory. The explosions occurred within a span of a few hours. They caused 5,882 fatalities and around 10,000-15,000 non-fatal injuries, making it one of the most devastating events in Magisterian history.

In 2021, Magisteria held two presidential elections, the first being the February 2021 snap election after the 27th president Benjamin C. Robinson resigned from the position in November 2020 after he was diagnosed of colon cancer (Robinson later passed away on 16 February 2021). The main candidates were the democratic socialist Phil Vibert, and the ultranationalist Balfour Tyrell, but when rumors started to spread as Tyrell was accused of vote buying which led to Tyrell getting disqualified from the presidential race, which left Vibert and Lennox as the main candidates. Vibert later won and became the 28th president. As part of Vibert's egalitarian mission to reform Magisteria, a plebiscite was held on 31 May 2021 where most Magisterians voted in favor of a new Constitution. The fourth constitution (nicknamed 'the Egalitarian Constitution') was made in effect on 17 September 2021, and a few months later, the second election was held on 11 December 2021, being the first election under the new constitution. Vibert wins his second election in a landslide, scoring 94.21 million votes over former vice president François-Marie Glass' 76.78 million votes.

In 2022, the federal government's law from 2007 that established the process for the United Federal Islands, the name for Magisteria's seven dependencies, to become an independent country, was near it's deadline. A presidential election and a plebiscite was held on 10 February 2022, which the option 'Yes' had the most votes, and Marilène Pascal of the UFI Independence Movement was elected to become their first ever president.

A constitutional referendum was held on 16 April 2022, where it will amend the constitution in favour of a modified parliamentary system, or a semi-presidential system. As the referendum was passed, with 58.41% of voters in favour of a semi-presidential system, Magisteria became the first semi-presidential republic in North America.

Magisteria is a high-income developed country and ranks in the Top 10 on the Human Development Index. The successful policies from the past governments contributed to Magisteria's large economy, and it is expected for the Magisterian economy to continue it's growth in Vibert's economic five-year plan that intends to continue the expansion of the progressive Magisterian economy. Magisteria is a member of the (UN), the  (WTO), the  (APEC), the  (IMF), the  (OIF), and the. since the 6th summit. It is also a permanent member of the. Magisteria ranks high in international measures of economic freedom, quality of life, and quality of higher education. Despite considerable income and wealth disparities in comparison to other rich countries, it ranks high in measures of socioeconomic performance and receives relatively high ratings for human rights. Magisteria has one of the strongest militaries in the world, and has one of the highest military spendings in the world.

Etymology
The name "Magisteria" was reused from the capital city's original name. The name was used in the monarchical dynasty which meant "Master (Magis) of Lands (teria)"

Prehistory
The early inhabitants of the land now known as Magisteria were the first inhabitants of North America who migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 12,000 years ago, or prior thanks to some evidence suggesting an even earlier date of arrival.

Monarchical dynasty, European settlement, Magisterian Revolution, War for Federalism, the Financial crisis, and Declaration of the Republic: 1367-1855
Between 1367 and 1601, North Pacificia was the name of the first and only monarchical dynasty in the land now known as Magisteria. It was said that the Caietanus royal family were the only royal family to rule the monarchical dynasty but many records denied it as the Eutychius family and the Terianomali family also ruled the monarchical dynasty.

Ruled by the Great Britain and France: 1601-1784
After 234 years of the monarchical dynasty, the United Kingdom ruled North Pacificia starting with a war on November 30, 1601 resulting Britain winning while North Pacificia lost. In 1735, A treaty was signed in Paris, ending the british rule of Magisteria after Britain sold Magisteria to France making Magisteria a french colony.

Magisterian Revolution: 1778-1784
The Magisterian Revolution was fought by the Magisterians against the French Empire was the second successful war of independence by a non-European entity against a European power after the United States of America which happened 8 years before.

War for Federalism: 1813-1815
Tensions of the federalist Liberal Party with the Conservative Party that support a centralized government has been spewing since the Declaration of Independence in 1784. The Conservative Party was the ruling party during Magisteria's centralized government, scoring 6 consecutive majorities on the then-bicameral Parliament. The 1813 general election was disputed for the allegations of election rigging by the Conservative Party, and the allegations of election rigging led to the civil war dubbed as 'War for Federalism' which the federalists won the war. The country went through a transitional government to reconcile the two parties before the new federalist government was established.

Economic crisis: 1845-1847
In late-1845, Magisteria's poverty and inflation began to increase rapidly, starting the Magisterian economic crisis. The Magisterian franc became worthless due to hyperinflation (approximately 5,000,000%). The "Rise-Up" economic recovery plan was introduced by then-Prime Minister Andrew Grant. The plan turned out to be a huge success as inflation started to decrease, so did poverty.

Declaration of the Republic, First Republic political and economic crisis, and provisional government: 1855-1864
Magisteria would cease as a Commonwealth realm in 1855, resulting in the replacement of the hereditary title of the Queen of the Magisterian Dominion with the elected position of the President of the United Magisterian States. Magisteria's final Governor-General Peter Brady was inaugurated as the first president on 5 June 1855.

The first republic was rather an unstable one, which Brady didn't expect. The economy was going down, and the political system was under a crisis, and it was clear that a reform was definitely needed. A provisional constitution and a one-year process was made to stabilize the economy and the political system, and in December 1864, the second constitution was made in effect to declare the second republic.

Constitutional amendments, military alliance with Switzerland: 1887-1945
A few amendments were made in the first constitution of the country, but the most notable amendment was granting women's suffrage, making Magisteria the first country to allow it's female citizens to vote.

Just like Switzerland, Magisteria is extremely neutral, supporting neither of the Allies or the Axis. This led to both countries agreeing for a military alliance, and this alliance will only be broken if Switzerland or Magisteria will participate in an ongoing war.

After World War II: since 1945
Magisteria become one of the most prosperous countries during the Cold War as the Magisterian economy flourished and the dollar appreciated, making the country the richest North American country by GDP per capita while retaining a healthy history of democratic elections, meanwhile keeping a neutral status amidst of a geopolitical tension between capitalism and communism.

on 20 December 1969, amidst of a constitutional crisis, most of the political parties represented in the Federal Congress signed an agreement to call a national referendum in May 1970 regarding the creation of a new Constitution. Magisterians voted 92.31% in favor of a new constitution, while 7.69% rejected the change. An election for the members of the Constitutional Convention was held between 29 and 30 June 1970. The new constitution was approved after a constitutional referendum in August 1971, and the constitution was in-effect on 31 August 1971.

on 29 February 1976, a series of bombings occurred mainly in the Federal Capital Territory. The explosions occurred within a span of a few hours. The Magisterian Federal Police Department identified the bombs as comprising one-kilogram black-powder, detonated using timing devices. The perpetrators were identified as members of the Magisterian National Socialist Workers' Party, and the perpetrators were sentenced to life. They caused 5,882 fatalities and around 10,000-15,000 non-fatal injuries, making it one of the most devastating events in Magisterian history.

Magisteria became one of the first countries to legalize same-sex marriage, with then President Vincent Jefferson Harrison signing the first same-sex marriage bill in North America. The law later came to effect on 18 November 2003.

on 23 December 2005, Louis Brett, the 24th president who was infamous for his reforms for a corporate paradise with authoritarian tendencies, was assassinated by an alleged member of the Communist Party of Magisteria, which the party denied that the individual was a party member. Peter Garrett succeeded Brett in the same day, becoming the 25th president.

As part of Vibert's reformation, a second national plebiscite was held on 31 May 2021 where a new constitution should be written. Just like the 1970 plebiscite, Magisterians were in favor of a new constitution. The new constitution saw the end of the dominance of the Magisterian Democratic Party and the National Republican Coalition after it became in effect on 17 September 2021.

A constitutional referendum was held on 16 April 2022, where it will amend the constitution in favour of a modified parliamentary system, or a semi-presidential system. As the referendum was passed, with 58.41% of voters in favour of a semi-presidential system, Magisteria is set to become North America's first semi-presidential republic by the first day of May 2022. Prior to the constitutional referendum, many Magisterians are in favour of a semi-presidential system since the ratification of the 1971 Constitution.

In late-2021, Vibert announced the start of the 'Nazi purge' where the terrorist organization and banned political party Magisterian National Socialist Workers' Party. The purge was met with domestic praise but was met with mixed responses internationally.

Geography
At 938,023 square kilometers (362,172 sq mi), Magisteria is one of the most largest countries in the world, comparable to the size of. The northern part of Magisteria is in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which makes the area prone to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. The central Magisterian region is where the Magisterian Snow Forest is located. The southern Magisterian region is where most Magisterian beaches are located.

Climate
Average winter and summer high temperatures across Magisteria vary from region to region. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and prairie states, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe wind chills.

Economy
Magisteria has a highly developed, characterised by sizeable government involvement, economic diversity, a skilled labour force, and high innovation. For roughly two centuries, the Magisterian economy has consistently ranked among the ten largest globally. Between 1965 and 1995, growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum, transforming the living standards of the population.

The Magisterian economy is regarded as free, innovative, dynamic and business-friendly. For several years, Magisteria has been one of the few countries with an AAA credit rating from the big three. Magisteria attracts a large amount of foreign investment as a result of its location, skilled workforce, low tax rates, advanced infrastructure and zero-tolerance against corruption. It is one of the world's most competitive economies, according to the World Economic Forum's ranking of 141 countries.

The currency of Magisteria is the Magisterian dollar (MSD or M$), issued by the Federal Monetary Authority of the United Magisterian States (FMAUMS). FMAUMS manages its monetary policy by allowing the Magisterian dollar exchange rate to rise or fall within an undisclosed trading band. This is different from most central banks, which use interest rates to manage policy. Magisteria has the world's eighth largest foreign reserves, and one of the highest net international investment position per capita.

Magisteria also has one of the largest surplus based on data from 2019 est. as listed in the CIA World Factbook. The budget surplus of the country is approximately at US$276.23 billion.

In recent years, the country has been identified as an increasingly popular tax haven for the wealthy due to the low tax rate on personal income and tax exemptions on foreign-based income and capital gains.

Employment
Magisteria has a low unemployment rate for a developed country, with the rate not exceeding 4% from 2005 to 2014, and reaching highs of 2.4% in 2005 and 1.3% during the 2009 global financial crisis; it fell to 1.8% in the first quarter of 2015. As of 2022, Magisteria has a universal basic income system which was part of Vibert's plan to avoid deflation.

Industry sectors
Magisteria is the world's 3rd-largest foreign exchange centre, 6th-largest financial centre, 2nd-largest casino gambling market, 3rd-largest oil-refining and trading centre, largest oil-rig producer and hub for ship repair services, and largest logistics hub. The economy is diversified, with its top contributors being financial services, manufacturing, and oil-refining. Its main exports are refined petroleum, integrated circuits, and computers, which constituted 27% of the country's GDP in 2010. Other significant sectors include electronics, chemicals, mechanical engineering, and biomedical sciences.

Tourism
Tourism is a major industry and contributor to the Magisterian economy, attracting 18.5 million international tourists in 2018. In 2019 tourism contributed directly to about 4% of Magisteria's GDP, down from 2016, when tourism contributed, directly and indirectly, to around 9.9% of Magisteria's GDP. Altogether, the sector generated approximately 8.6% of Magisteria's employment in 2016.

Agriculture
Magisteria is also one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products, particularly of wheat and other grains. Magisteria is a major exporter of agricultural products, to the United States and Asia. As with all other developed nations the proportion of the population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell dramatically over the 20th century. The agriculture and agri-food manufacturing sector created $55.3 billion to Magisteria's GDP in 2015, accounting for 2.6% of total GDP.

Government and politics
Magisteria is an, and a  with a parliamentary  that is currently ruled by the Unified Socialist Party, with 257 seats. The President is the head of state, the deputy head of government and the Prime Minister is the head of government, with the federal government composed of three branches:


 * Legislative: The unicameral National Parliament enacts national law, approves budgets, and provides a check on government policy.
 * Executive: The President is the commander-in-chief of the Federal Defence Forces, can veto legislative bills before they become law—subject to Congressional override—and appoints the members of the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
 * Judicial: The Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.

Members of Parliament are elected every two years, with a term limit of 6 consecutive terms. Magisteria is the only federalist country with a unicameral legislature (National Parliament) and an advisory "upper house" (Federal Consultative Assembly). The Federal Consultative Assembly traditionally consists of delegates from different parties such as the Magisterian Democratic Party, the National Republican Coalition, and the Liberal Party. Elections for the FCA happens every seven years, with the next election happening in 2027.

Parties and elections
Magisteria has a with four major parties are the Magisterian Democratic Party, the National Republican Coalition, the Liberal Party, and the Unified Socialist Party ruling the nation's politics, with a large list of diverse third parties.

The president and the vice presidents are elected in one ballot, for a four-year term, by direct popular vote, using a runoff voting system: a second vote is held if no party wins more than 45% of the votes, or more than 40% with also at least 10 percentage points more than the runner-up. Magisteria is the first North American country to have it's prime minister to be directly elected, as the prime minister is elected on a separate ballot, and prime ministerial elections happen in the same time as the presidential elections (The 2022 prime ministerial election was the only indirect election, and the 2025 election will be the first direct election).

Phil Vibert of the Unified Socialist Party, the winner of the February 2021 Magisterian presidential election is serving as the 28th president of Magisteria.

Political divisions
Magisteria is governed as a federal state, and is divided by 35 states, a federal district, and five autonomous republics. States are divided for administration purposes into federal provinces and local-level government areas, except for the Philadelphia state, which is divided into regencies and minor regencies. The Federal Capital Territory is divided into communes. The states are categorized by regions:


 * Western Federal Region (10 states)
 * Central Federal Region (9 states)
 * Eastern Metropolitan Region (13 states + Federal Capital Territory)
 * Three Stars Aquatic Region (3 states)

on March 16, 2021, A statehood plebiscite was held at the Barnabe, Francois and Michaud dependencies to officially become the 33rd, 34th, and 35th states of the federation of the United Magisterian States. A majority of voters voted "Yes", making the dependencies officially states of the federation.

on February 10, 2022, A presidential election and a plebiscite was held in the United Federal Islands, with many Pacificians voting 'Yes', and Marilène Pascal becoming their first ever president.

Foreign relations
Since 1852, Magisteria has been traditionally neutral but it maintained the heavily armed Federal Defence Forces. It maintains diplomatic relations with 190 United Nations member states, two partially-recognized states, and three United Nations observer states; along with 152 embassies. Magisteria is one of the six permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, and is an undisputed global superpower alongside the United States. Magisteria has maintained close relations with, as both countries are considered to be the most neutral countries in the world.

Military
The President holds the title of commander-in-chief of the Federal Defence Forces, as part of a legal framework that imposes a strict separation between national defense and internal security systems:

The National Defense System, an exclusive responsibility of the federal government, coordinated by the Ministry of Defense, and comprising the Army, the Naval Forces and the Aviation Forces. Ruled and monitored by Congress through the Houses' Defense Committees, it is organized on the essential principle of legitimate self-defense: the repelling of any external military aggression in order to guarantee freedom of the people, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity.

Law enforcement and crime
In Magisteria, the Constitution establishes five different police agencies for law enforcement: Federal Police Department, Federal Highway Police, Federal Railroad Police, Military Police and Civil Police. Of these, the first three are affiliated with federal authorities and the last two are subordinate to state governments. All police forces are the responsibility of the executive branch of any of the federal or state powers.

Intelligence and security
The Royal Magisterian Mounted Police (RMMP) is the official federal intelligence service of the United Magisterian States, and it has made it's reputation as one of the most effective security agencies in the world.

Television
Ninety-nine percent of Magisterian households have at least one television and the majority of households have more than one. The five major broadcasters in Magisteria are the MBC Network (MBC), Platinum Television Network (PTV), the Continental Broadcasting System (CBS), Royal Broadcasting Corporation (RBC), and MTV (MTV).

Radio
Magisterian radio broadcasts in two bands: FM and AM. Some stations are only talk radio – featuring interviews and discussions – while music radio stations broadcast one particular type of music: Top 40, hip-hop, alternative rock, etc. Radio broadcast companies have become increasingly consolidated in recent years. Magisterian Public Radio is the nation's primary public radio network, but most radio stations are commercial and profit-oriented.

Motion pictures
In the 20th century, the motion picture industry rose to become one of the most successful and powerful industries in Magisteria, along with other intellectual property industries, its relative importance to the Magisterian economy has strengthened as the importance of manufacturing and agriculture have decreased (due to globalization).

Magazines
Thanks to the huge size of the English-speaking North American media market, Magisteria has a large magazine industry with hundreds of magazines serving almost every interest, as can be determined by glancing at any newsstand in any large Magisterian city. Most magazines are owned by one of the large media conglomerates or by one of their smaller regional brethren.

Population
The Magisterian population is estimated to be 238,340,831 as of December 31, 2021. In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and Magisteria-born children of immigrants in Magisteria, accounting for 28% of the overall Magisteria population. Magisteria has a very diverse population; 37 ancestry groups have more than one million members.

Languages
English, French, and Magisterian are the de facto national languages of Magisteria. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as Magisterian naturalization requirements—standardize English, and most states have declared English as the official language.

Education
Magisterian public education is operated by state and local governments and regulated by the Magisterian Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants. In most states, children are required to attend school from the age of five or six (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn 18 (generally bringing them through twelfth grade, the end of high school); some states allow students to leave school at 16 or 17.

About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial or nonsectarian private schools. Just over 2% of children are homeschooled.

Educational stages
Formal education in Magisteria is divided into a number of distinct educational stages. Most children enter the public education system around ages five or six. Children are assigned into year groups known as grades.

The Magisterian school year traditionally begins at the end of July or early in August, after a traditional summer vacation or break. Children customarily advance together from one grade to the next as a single cohort or "class" upon reaching the end of each school year in late April or early May.

Health
Healthcare in Magisteria is delivered through the state and territorial systems of publicly funded health care. Universal access to publicly funded health services "is often considered by Magisterians as a fundamental value that ensures national health care insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country."

Religion
Religious freedom is constitutionally provided for in Magisteria, and the country's constitution has been secular since it's independence. Christianity is the predominant religion, and while Magisteria remains a predominantly Catholic country, the percentage of the population who identified as Catholic on the census has fallen sharply from 84.2 percent in the 2011 census to 68.3 percent in the most recent 2016 census.

Culture
Magisteria's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "just society" are constitutionally protected. Magisteria has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all its people. Multiculturalism is often cited as one of Magisteria's significant accomplishments, and a key distinguishing element of Magisterian identity. In the Philadelphia state, cultural identity is strong, and there is a French Magisterian culture that is distinct from English Magisterian culture. However, as a whole, Magisteria is, in theory, a cultural mosaic—a collection of regional ethnic subcultures.

Symbols
Magisteria's national symbols are influenced by natural, historical, and Indigenous sources. The use of the eight-sided star as a Magisterian symbol dates to the late 18th century. The eight-sided star, also called as the "Star of Independence", is depicted on Magisteria's current and previous flags, and on the Arms of Magisteria.

Literature
Magisterian literature is often divided into French- and English-language literatures, which are rooted in the literary traditions of France and Britain, respectively. By the 1990s, Magisterian literature was viewed as some of the world's best. Magisteria's ethnic and cultural diversity are reflected in its literature, with many of its most prominent modern writers focusing on ethnic life.

Visual arts
Magisterian visual art has been dominated by figures such as Earl Cooper – the country's most famous painter – and Tanner Marlowe. Cooper's career painting Magisterian landscapes spanned a decade up to his death in 1919 at age 46.

Sports
The roots of organized sports in Magisteria date back to the 1770s, culminating in the development and popularization of the major professional games of wrestling, lacrosse, basketball, baseball, ice hockey and football. Magisteria's official national sports are wrestling, and ice hockey. Golf, soccer, baseball, tennis, skiing, badminton, volleyball, cycling, swimming, bowling, rugby union, canoeing, equestrian, squash and the study of martial arts are widely enjoyed at the youth and amateur levels.