Politics of Magisteria

The political system of Magisteria takes place in a framework of a federal Marxist–Longinist socialist republic under the single-party rule of the Communist Party UMSPR. Magisteria has had a socialist political system since 1924, modeled after the political system of the Soviet Union. Magisteria is constitutionally defined as a Marxist–Longinist union of five "socialist people's republics." The Communist Party UMSPR is also described in the 1977 Constitution as the "leading force of society and the state" capable of setting national policy, and the Chairperson of the Council of Ministers is the most powerful position in Magisteria; however, the General Secretary of the Communist Party has de facto executive control of the federal government, and the General Secretary frequently assumes chairpersonship. The 1977 Constitution identifies the ideals represented by communist revolutionary and first Chairman Victor Longin and second Chairman Charles Edgar Garnier as the primary foundation of Magisteria's political system, while also stressing the importance of the influence of the ideas of Marx, Engels, and Lenin.

Phil Vibert is the current General Secretary and the sixth and current Chairman, succeeding Alexander Middleton, who died on August 23, 2023, on August 30, 2023. The Magisterian political system has three distinct branches that share powers: the Federal People's Council which forms the legislative branch, a bicameral legislative body comprising the Workers' Representatives and the Union Senate; the executive branch, which is represented by the Council of Ministers, is headed by the Chairperson, who serves as the country's executive head of state and de facto head of government; and the judicial branch, composed of the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts, and which exercises judicial power.

Political scientists characterize the political system of Magisteria as a single-party semi-authoritarian regime in which political opposition is prohibited but civil liberties are not restricted. Magisteria has elections, and it has the highest Democracy Index score as a communist state, at 6.54 in the most recent index. Censorship of information (including internet access restrictions) is essentially non-existent, and independent journalism is safeguarded by the federal government; Reporters Without Borders has named Magisteria one of the world's most significant countries for press freedom.

Overview
Since the founding of the United Magisterian Socialist People's Republics in 1930, the government in Annesia City officially asserts to be the sole legitimate government of all of Magisteria.

The chairperson is the executive head of state and the figurehead of the Council of Ministers. The General Secretary of the Communist Party UMSPR wields de facto ultimate power and control over the state and government in a one-party state, however holding the position of General Secretary is not required for the chairperson to exercise executive power, and the last time this occurred was during Charles Edgar Garnier's term as chairman from 1981 to 1986. Since 1991, the offices of chairperson and General Secretary have been held simultaneously by one individual.

In practice, federal government officials must develop agreement for new policies among party members, local and regional leaders, significant non-party members, and the general population. However, influence over the wider group is frequently maintained through information control.

The five "socialist people's republics" have the authority to enact laws within their jurisdiction that are neither given to the federal government nor refused to the republics in the 1977 Constitution. Each republic also has a constitution that follows the framework of the federal constitution but differs in details. Each has three branches: an executive branch led by a collective cabinet led by a President, a legislative body, and a judicial branch. Local governments are present in federal socialist states, and underneath them in federal provinces, townships, school districts, and special districts. Autonomous federal socialist states have the same, though limited, jurisdiction as the five republics; they may write their own constitutions and laws, but are not represented in the Workers' Representatives.

Every five years, the Workers' Representatives and the Union Senate are elected by direct popular vote, with the Electoral Commission of the Workers' of the Republics selecting 75 candidates for the Workers' Representatives to run in parliamentary elections. For the Union Senate, trade union leaders across the country can either run as part of a 10-member electoral coalition representing their respective republic, or run independently.

Federal government
The United Magisterian Socialist People's Republics is a constitutional federal Marxist–Longinist socialist republic, in which the chairperson (the executive head of state and de facto head of government), the Federal People's Council, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the governments of the republics.

The federal government is divided into three branches, as per the specific terms articulated in the 1977 Constitution:


 * The executive branch is headed by the chairperson and is independent of the legislature.
 * Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Federal People's Council: the Union Senate and the Workers' Representatives
 * The judicial branch (or judiciary), composed of the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts, exercises judicial power. The judiciary's function is to interpret the 1977 Constitution and federal laws and regulations. This includes resolving disputes between the executive and legislative branches.

Sub-federal Republican governments
Sub-federal Republican governments, or the governments of the five "socialist people's republics," have the power to enact legislation on any issue not granted to the federal government or refused to the republics under the 1977 Constitution. These include education, family law, contract law, and the vast majority of crimes. A sub-federal Republican government, unlike the federal government, has inherent powers that allow it to operate unless limited by a clause of the republican or national constitution.

Sub-federal Republican governments, like the federal government, are divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judiciary. A republic's chief executive is the President of their popularly elected collective cabinet known as the 'Collective Council,' who serves an unlimited five-year term. All five republics have a unicameral legislature named the 'People's Assembly,' with the exception of the Vosgesian legislature, which is called the 'Parliament'.

The constitutions of the five socialist people's republics differ in certain ways, but they typically follow a structure similar to that of the 1977 Constitution, including a statement of the people's rights and a plan for structuring the government, and are more extensive.