Evenaria

BASED ON MOBIYUZ'S ALTERNATE HISTORY MAP "THE ORANGE LINE" WHICH REVOLVES AROUND A SURVIVING DUTCH BRAZIL.

Evenaria (Dutch: Evenaar), officially the Kingdom of Evenaria (Dutch: Koninkrijk van de Evenaar), is a country in northern South America and the only major Dutch-speaking country aside from the Netherlands. At 4.05 million square kilometers (1.56 million square miles), it is the third-largest nation in the Americas by area. Its capital is located in the planned city of Meridia, whereas the largest city is located in Mauritsstad.

Its population of 58.3 million people are mainly descendants of Dutch settlers from the northern and western Netherlands and Flanders, and slaves from West Africa, the Indian subcontinent and the Malay archipelago. Other ethnic groups are descended from early Portuguese settlers, the indigenous tribes of the Amazon, German and later Portuguese immigrants, and recent arrivals from neighboring countries.

Evenaria, being situated on the equator, is a tropical country and is dominated by the Amazon rainforest which is vital to the country's efforts in the mitigation of climate change and the maintenance of carbon negativity. The Amazon Basin's unique environmental heritage positions Brazil at number one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss.

Inhabited by Native Amazonians during the pre-Columbian era, in 1616 the town of Belém do Pará (today's Belem) was founded by the Kingdom of Portugal. In 1630 the Dutch seized the eastern area of the country and expanded its conquests into the interior of the Amazon. In 1810 Evenaria gained independence before descending into a short period of crisis known as the Anarchy. Between 1878 and 1881 the War of the Chains occurred in which African slaves revolted against the government, and in 1985 the country entered a brief communist regime which was ended in 1988. Evenaria continues to maintain close diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties with the Netherlands.

Evenaria has a diverse society composed of many cultures and languages, reflecting its rich history. It is the only country in the Americas where Dutch is the official language, while Eveneder, a Dutch creole similar in nature to Singaporean English or New Guinea Pidgin, is the most widely spoken dialect. English serves as an auxiliary and educational language.

Portuguese is the second-most-commonly-spoken language, followed by the native languages, West African creoles, and Gronish. Over half the population is multilingual, due to the diverse linguistic backgrounds of the population. It is known for its Midsummer celebrations, its Dutch colonial heritage, its extensive rainforest and biodiversity, growing geek culture and celebration of Internet memes.

A major non-NATO ally of the United States, Evenaria is a regional and middle power, and is also classified as an emerging power. Categorised as a developing country with a high Human Development Index, Evenaria is considered an advanced emerging economy. As an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country, Evenaria has the largest share of global wealth in South America and it is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. However, the country retains noticeable corruption, a degree of crime and social inequality.

Evenaria is a founding member of the United Nations, BRICS, Mercosul, the Organization of American States, and the Organization of Dutch-Speaking Countries.

Etymology
The word "Evenaria" comes from Dutch evenaar, a term for the equator which passes through the country. The original name of Evenaria was New Holland until 1810, but European sailors and merchants commonly called it "Evenaar" due to its location along the equator. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Dutch name in 1810 after independence. Some early sailors called it the "Land of Orange Rainforests", which remains a popular sobriquet for Evenaria, referring to both the Amazon rainforest and the use of orange as a traditional Dutch color.

Pre-Columbian era

 * TBA

Portuguese colonization

 * TBA

Dutch conquest
In the summer of 1629, the Dutch coveted a newfound interest in obtaining the captaincy of Pernambuco, the largest and richest sugar-producing area in the world. The Dutch fleet of 65 ships was led by Hendrick Corneliszoon Loncq; the GWC gained control of Olinda by 16 February 1630, and Recife (the capital of Pernambuco) and António Vaz by March 3. Matias de Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor of Pernambuco, led a strong Portuguese resistance which hindered the Dutch from developing their forts on the lands which they had captured. By 1631, the Dutch left Olinda and tried to gain control of the Fort of Cabedello on Paraíba, the Rio Grande, Rio Formoso, and Cabo de Santo Agostinho. These attempts were also unsuccessful, however.

Still in control of António Vaz and Recife, the Dutch later gained a foothold at Cabo de Santo Agostinho. By 1634, the Dutch controlled the coastline from the Rio Grande do Norte to Pernambuco's Cabo de Santo Agostinho. They still maintained control of the seas as well. By 1635, many Portuguese settlers were choosing Dutch-occupied land over Portuguese-controlled land. The Dutch offered freedom of worship and security of property. In 1635, the Dutch conquered three strongholds of the Portuguese: the towns of Porto Calvo, Arraial do Bom Jesus, and Fort Nazaré on Cabo de Santo Agostinho. These strongholds gave the Dutch increased sugar lands which led to an increase in profit.

In 1637, the GWC gave control of its Brazilian conquests, now called "Nieuw Holland," to John Maurice of Nassau, the great-nephew of William the Silent. Within the year, Maurice of Nassau captured the captaincy of Ceará and sent an expedition to capture the West African trading post of Elmina Castle, which became the capital of the Dutch Gold Coast. In 1641, the Dutch captured the captaincy of Maranhão, meaning that Dutch control now extended across the entire coastline between the Amazon and São Francisco Rivers.

Although there were Dutch immigrants to Brazil, the majority of the population was Portuguese and Brazilian-born Portuguese, African slaves, and Amerindians, with Dutch rule an overlay on pre-existing social groups. The colony of Dutch Brazil had a difficult time of attracting Dutch colonists to immigrate and colonize Brazil, as the main attraction of the colony was the extreme riches one could reap from starting a sugar plantation, as it was one of the few major market exporters of sugar to Europe at the time. This would also most likely entail the buying of African slaves, and as such only rich men could afford to start a plantation.

There was also very significant risk with border contention and skirmish with the Portuguese from the parts of Brazil still under their control and the nonexistent loyalty of the local Portuguese to the Dutch colony. The Dutch settlers were divided into two separate groups, the first of which was known as dienaren (servants). The dienaren were soldiers, bureaucrats, and Calvinist ministers employed by the GWC.

Independence and the Anarchy

 * TBA

Antebellum and War of the Chains

 * TBA

Early 20th century

 * TBA

November Revolution

 * TBA

Modern day

 * TBA

Geography
Evenaria occupies a large area along the north eastern coast of South America and includes nearly half of the continent's interior, sharing land borders with Brazil to the south; Bolivia and Mato Grosso to the southwest; Peru to the west; Nueva Granada to the northwest; and Bolivaria, Essequibo, Suriname and Guiane to the north. It shares a border with every South American country except Argentina, Chile and Patagonia. It also encompasses a number of oceanic archipelagos, such as the Noronha Islands and Drieenheid and Martin Vaz.

The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity.

More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest. The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2000 birds and mammals species. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 3,000 fish, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Evenaria alone.

The diversity of plant species is the highest on earth with some experts estimating that one square kilometre may contain over 75,000 types of trees and 150,000 species of higher plants. One square kilometre of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. This constitutes the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world. One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued.

Climate
Evenaria has a very hot and wet equatorial climate, and temperatures do not vary much throughout the year. The existence of heat and the enormous liquid mass favor evaporation and make the region occupied by Evenaria a very humid area. Evenaria presents high temperatures throughout the year (averages from 24 °C to 26 °C), a low thermal amplitude.

This excludes some areas of the states of Bovenloop and Groenland where the phenomenon of "De Chillen" occurs, due to La Niña's activity, allowing cold air masses coming from the South Atlantic Ocean to penetrate the states of the South Region of the country, pass through the Central-West region and reach the Amazonian states, causing rapidly falling temperature.

The Amazonian heat provides an area of low latitude that attracts masses of polar air. Occurring in winter, "De Chillen" lasts a week or so. There is no real dry season, but there are some variations in the period of the year when most rain falls. Temperatures average 25 °C (77 °F), with more significant temperature variation between night and day than between seasons.

In 2020 the government of Evenaria pledged to reduce its annual greenhouse gases emissions by 43% by 2030. It also set as indicative target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060 if the country gets 10 billion dollars per year.

Economy

 * TBA

Demographics
As of 2022 Evenaria has a population of 59,430,328. The Evenarian populace is characterized by high levels of diversity, wherein no particular demographic group constitutes a majority. This is a legacy of centuries of Dutch rule, which entailed successive periods of forced, contracted, or voluntary migration by various nationalities and ethnic groups from around the world.

Ethnicity
The largest ethnic group are the Europeans, who form over a quarter of the population (27.4%). The vast majority (62%) are descendants of settlers from the Dutch provinces of Groningen, Utrecht, Holland, Zeeland and Gelderland as well as Dutch-speaking Belgium. Portuguese-speakers, mostly from the Azores and northern Portugal, constitute 23% of the European population, and the Gronish people, an ethnic group descended from Germans and Portuguese, form 8% of all Europeans in Evenaria.

If counted as one ethnic group, the Afro-Evenarians are the second-largest community, at around 25%; however, they are usually divided into three cultural/ethnic groups: the Creoles, the Quilombolas and the Maroons. Evenarian Maroons, whose ancestors are mostly runaway slaves that fled to the interior, comprise 13.8% of the total Evenarian population; they are divided into multiple tribes. Surinamese Creoles, mixed people descending from African slaves and Europeans (mostly Dutch), form 6.7% of the population, and 4% of all Evenarians are descendants of Quilombolas, descendants of Afro-Brazilian slaves who escaped from slave plantations that existed in Evenaria before the Dutch annexation in 1630.

Portuguese-speaking pardos (multiracial people) and mestizos make up 16% of the population, and like the Portuguese speakers, are the product of interracial marriages from before the Dutch era. 13.4% of the population identifies as indigenous. East Indians and Chinese, originating from 19th-century indentured workers and some recent migration, make up 9% and 4% of the population respectively. Other groups include Lebanese, primarily Maronites, and Jews of Sephardic and Ashkenazi origin, mostly concentrated in Mauritsstad. More recently Evenaria has seen a new wave of immigrants, namely Brazilians, Matogrosseans, and Peruvians; most do not have legal status.

Languages
Evenaria has roughly 18 local languages, but Dutch (Nederlands) is the sole official language and is the language used in education, government, business, and the media. Over 60% of the population are native speakers of Dutch and around 20%-30% speak it as a second language. In 2004, Suriname became an associate member of the Dutch Language Union. Evenaria is the only Dutch-speaking sovereign country outside of Europe, and the only independent nation in the Americas in which Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population. Evenaria, Suriname, and English-speaking Essequibo and Patagonia are the only countries in South America where a Romance language does not predominate.

In Mauritsstad and other major cities, Dutch is the main home language in two thirds of the households. The recognition of "Surinaams-Nederlands" ("Surinamese Dutch") as a national dialect equal to "Nederlands-Nederlands" ("Dutch Dutch") and "Vlaams-Nederlands" ("Flemish Dutch") was expressed in 2009 by the publication of the Woordenboek Evenaars Nederlands (Evenarian–Dutch Dictionary). It is the most commonly spoken language in urban areas; only in the provinces of Groenland and Alagoa is Dutch seldom spoken.

Eveneder, a local Dutch-based creole language, is the most widely used vernacular language in daily life and business. Together with Dutch, it is considered to be the one of the three principal languages of Evenaria. Both are further influenced by other spoken languages which are spoken primarily within ethnic communities. Eveneder is often used interchangeably with Dutch depending on the formality of the setting; Dutch is seen as a prestige dialect and Eveneder the common vernacular.

Iveneari Hindi, a fusion of Bhojpuri and Awadhi, is the used language among South Asians. It is primarily spoken by the descendants of Indian indentured labourers from the former British India. The six Maroon languages of Evenaria are English-based creole languages, and include Saramaccan, Aukan, Aluku, Paramaccan, Matawai and Kwinti. Aluku, Paramaccan and Kwinti are so mutually intelligible with Aukan that they can be considered dialects of the Aukan language. The same can be said about Matawai, which is mutually intelligible with Saramaka.