Proto-Jazalic language

Proto-Jazalic (commonly abbreviated as PJ) is a proto-language and reconstructed ancestor of the Jazalic languages, one of the world's largest and most spoken families.

Scholars believe that Proto-Jazalic was spoken as a single proto language from 12,300 BP to 10,400 BP, during the early. It is widely accepted that the original homeland of Proto-Jazalic was in the Jazali Mountains in Cadasa. As speakers of Proto-Jazalic became isolated from each other through the settlement of the Ondalsan Archipelago and Nesionytan Islands, the regional dialects of Proto-Jazalic spoken by the various groups diverged, as each dialect underwent shifts in pronunciation, morphology, and vocabulary, sometimes due to language contact with the Nytans from the 3rd century BC, that colonized nearly all of the Nesionytan Islands. Over many centuries, these dialects transformed into ancient Jazalic languages. Today, the descendant languages of Proto-Jazalic are divided into 6 primary groups: Aromic (spoken in Mapu Island in Cadasa), Taulean (spoken in most of the Nesionytan Islands and Ondalsan Archipelago), Haqlic (spoken in the Haql Islands in Cadasa), Alyatakic (spoken in Baratlamuri and formerly the Cendang Islands), Fusonchan (spoken in Fusoncha State of the Vizhutuan Federation), Pondyunic (spoken in Ponduny State of the Vizhutuan Federation)

Phonology
The phonology of the Proto-Jazalic language has been reconstructed by linguists, based on the similarities and differences among current and extinct Jazalic languages. Because PJ was not written, linguists must rely on the evidence of its modern-day descendants.


 * *h may have been /x/ before and after back vowels and *a.
 * It is unknown whether the rhotics are flaps or trills.

Proto-Haqlic and Proto-Buric sound changes
r, R > r ṟ > R t, T > t ṯ > T d, D > d ḏ > D n, N > n ṉ > N l, L > l l̠ > L

Proto-Haqlic and Proto-Elidishic sound changes
p, b > p d, r > r ḏ, ṟ > ṟ D, R > R b' > b d' > d ḏ' > ḏ D' > D j' > j g' > g s, j > s A, O, o > o E, e > e

Lexicon
a - feminine suffix aba - father agbai - dog ai - give ajo - sister akupe - yellow ambē - grass amo - breast andi - mountain asimu - there aŋk - name baip - bark band - barrel baŋke - to show baō - to know be - to tie bi - near bli - night bontʌ - short burɛɲ - ashes bā - ice bīdū - to hunt bɔrɔ - bird bʎisi - some caeb - to split ceʎeɲ - tongue ceɲco - dolphin chamiphɭe - to hold chiikh - snake chiŋi - fish cikōu - belly cindī - big debiṟ - mountain dentle - guts diʎase - to hold doaɲɟ - sky domɤ - earth dētu - bad d̠iac - cold ebkha - feather echoɳɖ - to dig el - husband elumbē - to stab empli - sharp en̠d̠iki - white ephepi - short eŋkubu - wet eɲɟu - day eʈēiɲ - to sew eṉṯe - this/that gaɛɻan - eight geḻopi - to count gid - he/she gido - meat goɲɛn - arm gwā - egg gɔrak - morning gɛɭi - sand i - masculine suffix ilʈunpi - leaf ime - hear ipuse - right (side) irikhe - star isiph - to burn iso - to dance it - smoke itpiāɭ - fight iŋgicli - dull iɭduɳ - to cook iɽiɲ - because iṉṯak - root jambū - plant jogo - light kambir - tree kasā - rib bone kaʈa - tribe kaɽu - stick kembɨ - liver khī - rotten khīʎīp - to sing ki - in kijā - spur klombait - straight kodɛc - hammer koṟɔge - born kuɖoa - bone kɔmpɛ - left le - seed leāt - flow leṉṯu - to hit l̠iupɛ - wind mandi - to hear mbaɲa - woman mbempe - to work mbich - eat mbiichiŋ - good mbim - six mboɭa - two mbōpa - to sleep me - to push meal - root mepe - neck miilŋuṯ - to swell milaech - tall miɳa - what mīd - evil mloŋu - stone mompi - mouth monte - black mpane - scratch mpenɔqe - shoulder mpeŋk - rope mpil - salt mpoap - back mpriḻibī - to squeeze mpī - if mpɭiot - to play muke - to bite mɔk - child mʌn - to dwell nasi	- liver ndo - forest nete - few nleso - heart nlɛɟar - one nophi - head ntam - snow nteej - flower ntelekh - four nteḻe - to swim ntide - road ntine - fear ntithual - laugh ntloɳʈi - old nto - that okho - water ormir - dust oŋ - stick oŋginte - year pet - berry phi - freeze phlatū - sun phākhi - long phēɳʈe - dirty phīuɲc - nose piaŋg - worm pipleim - sand pāldab - new pʌr - ancestor reodɛ - warm riɲcu - to pull rʌŋgan - island sat - to stand saḻ - to become se - spear seba - all sei - ten soŋko - thin suta - brother sɯnda - to smell taʈe - turn teilŋua - dry tent - sea teṉiɲ - eye thau - far thaī - fall thephi - shoot thiɽemb - here tīl - sesame tā - to breathe tāk - to cut tɤge - foot t̠ɔɭo - hole udamp - to blow ukhda - right (correct) umbāub - lake ut̠heɽa - wide uŋkɹo - wash waʈa - leg wiɖeyo - river yaŋkɛl - near āniɟa - clothing ēuŋe - float īcambo - narrow īltpē - to cry īmpeph - how īntɔp - to lie īwo - other ŋga - small ŋgelɔ - wing ŋgoruo - run ŋkune - blood ŋkɔdoq - house ŋuo - this ŋū - you ŋūe - your ōcinde - to kill ūntemb - rub ɔɽi - wife ɛbe - today ɛr̠at̠o - tooth ɛ̄ntire - of ɛḻaṉ - other ɟa - fire ɟaɹal - rain ɭe - to throw ɭe - wipe ɲcom - crab ɲjimb - to fly ɲuindōʈ - hundred ɲɟeoɲi - three ɲɟɨ̄ - I ɲɟɨ̄e - my ɳi - to live ɳɖebub - vomit ɳɖekʰ - wall ɳʈamba - to see ɳʈampe - many ɻali - five ɻyei - father ɽīem - fog ʈaopha - thick ʈɛre - smooth ʌd - to walk ʎige - skin ʎo - louse ḻeōp - seven ḻi - superplural ḻidi - nine ḻēb - to drink ṉata - to die ṉorāw - to speak ṉɛ - plural ṉṯōɭɛ - person ṟennī - to spit ṟeol̠ - to sit ṟienpa - red ṟipi - eye ṯi - excluding ṯinḏ - have ṯɔkpo - knee uħa - brain ħais - cheek ntɔ - claw ɛh - hand ɛhau - ear ʈʌp - excrement arʌh - finger aɻɤaɽ - fingernail pɤɖ - hair