Vicnoran language

Vicnoran is the official language of Vicnora. It's known to be the oldest language still currently in use. It is similar to Barokian, Tudranic, Maori, Basque, and Crootch.

Consonants
Notes:


 * The voiced palatal nasal (IPA: [ɲ]) is actually not in the English phonology. This consonant has it's own letter in the Spanish orthography which is the letter called eñe or ñ (ny).
 * The voiced velar nasal, (IPA: [ŋ]) is pronounced as ng from the English word "ring".
 * The dental plosive consonants (IPA: [t̪] and [d̪]) are pronounced the same as the English letters t and d, but the blade of the tounge placed at the upper teeth. The dental plosive consonants are openly used in the Vicnoran language, meaning that the Vicnoran-speaking people can use the plain consonants and/or the dental consonants as the letters t and d from the orthography of the Vicnoran language.
 * The post-alveolar plosive consonants (IPA: [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ]) are actually in the English phonology. t͡ʃ is pronounced as ch from the English word "check" and d͡ʒ is pronounced as j from the English word "joy".
 * The voiceless uvular plossive (IPA: [q]) is not in the English phonology. To pronounced this consonant, you need to press your uvula by your tounge as opposed to the soft palate.
 * The glottal stop (IPA: [ʔ]) is not in the English phonology nor in the English orthography, but some English words have the consonant by different types of accent. ʔ is pronounced as the sound between the vowels from the exclamation word "uh-oh"
 * The voiceless velar fricative (IPA: [x]) is pronounced as ch from the English word "loch" in a Scottish accent.
 * The post-alveolar sibilant fricative consonants (IPA: [ʃ] and [ʒ]) are actually in the English phonology. ʃ is pronounced as sh from the English word "shoe" and ʒ is pronounced as s from the English word "leisure".
 * The palatal approximant (IPA: [j]) is pronounced as y from the English word "yell".

Vowels
The 5 vowels of the Vicnoran language are the basic 5-vowel system which is a common vowel system that used by most languages (including Spanish, Japanese, Swahili, Hebrew, etc.)

Orthography
The orthography of the Vicnoran language is similar to the Latin alphabet because of the amount of the letters or characters of those 2 orthographies and has an exact shape as the Latin alphabet. However, the only difference between those orthographies are the pronounciation of Vicnoran.

Digraphs & Diphtongs
There are only 4 digraphs from the Vicnoran language which are ny, ng, tc, and ch. In the Vicnoran language, there are no diphthongs from Vicnoran that pronounced as its own vowel (because of the small amount of vowels from Vicnoran), but diphthongs are allowed in the language. The pronounciation of the Vicnoran diphtongs are only a glottal stop or ʔ (allowed for all vowel, can be used optionally), the palatal approximant or j (must be used if the first vowel is a front-to-central vowel, can be writen or not), or the voiced labial-prevelar approximant or w (must be used if the first vowel is a back vowel, can be writen or not) that placed between some 2 vowels.

Examples:


 * "aa" or "aya" = ['a.ʔa] or ['a.ja]
 * "ei" or "eyi" = ['e.ʔi] or ['e.ji]
 * "ou" or "owu" = ['o.ʔu] or ['o.wu]

Syllable Structure
The syllable structure of the Vicnoran language is (C)(C)V(C)(C)(C) or (C3)V(C3). Position of the syllable structure:


 * The first onset (the red consonants) = s, z, ʃ
 * The second onset (the orange consonants) = m, n, p, b, t/t̪, d/d̪, t͡ʃ ,d͡ʒ, k, g, q, ʒ, f, v, x, h
 * The third onset (the yellow consonants) = j, w, l, r, ʔ
 * The nucleus (the green vowels) = a, e, i, o, u
 * The first coda (the blue consonants) = m, n, ɲ, ŋ, j, w, l, r
 * The second coda (the purple consonants) = s, z, ʃ
 * The third coda (the pink consonants) = p, b, t/t̪, d/d̪, k, g

Phonotactic Rules
Here are the phonotactic rules of the Vicnoran language:


 * 1) The syllable structure of the language is (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
 * 2) No clusters
 * 3) Intervocalic glottal stops (optionally used)
 * 4) Stress are located on the first syllable

Syntax
This is the syntax of the Vicnoran language:


 * 1) The word order is SVO or Subject-Verb-Object
 * 2) Adjectives, possesors, and numbers must writed before nouns.
 * 3) Postposition
 * 1) Postposition

Pronouns
Here are the pronouns from the Vicnoran language: Notes:


 * The sole or agent pronouns are the pronouns that are doing or not doing an action to an object. The object pronouns are the pronouns that received or experienced the action by a subject.
 * The excluding pronouns reference to the speaker and the people of the speaker, but without the listener. The including pronouns reference to the speaker, the listener, and the people of the speaker.
 * The biotic pronouns reference to the biotic livings or object, or the objects that can live and has its functioning purpose (reproduction, senses, movement, etc.). The abiotic pronouns reference to the abiotic objects, or the objects that cannot live nor move by itself.
 * The dual pronouns reference to only 2 people or a duo.



Plurality
The plurality of Vicnoran is reduplication (the repetition of all or part of a word to indicate more than one of something).

If a word is from a biotic living, the last syllable of a Vicnoran word must be duplicated to make the Vicnoran word from singular to plural.

Examples:


 * Homa (Singular) = A human
 * Hohoma (Plural) = Humans


 * Hugonga (Singular) = A dog
 * Huhugonga (Plural) = Dogs


 * Clontaca (Singular) = A leaf
 * Clonclontaca (Plural) = Leaves

If a word is from an abiotic object, the last syllable of a Vicnoran word (if the third onset is not a glottal stop or a approximant consonant) must be duplicated to make the Vicnoran word from singular to plural.

Examples:


 * Puka (Singular) = A rock
 * Pukaka (Plural) = Rocks


 * Tokuwa/Tokua (Singular) = A wood
 * Tokuwaya/Tokuaa (Plural) = Woods


 * Fruwala/Fruala (Singular) = A water
 * Fruwalala/Frualala (Plural) = A big amount of water

Vicnoran words of an object that is hard to count or uncountable (water, air, dirt, etc.) can be plural by making its value or size bigger.

Examples:


 * Fruwala/Fruala (Singular) = A water
 * Fruwalala/Frualala (Plural) = A big amount of water


 * Huhava (Singular) = An air
 * Huhavava (Plural) = A big amount of air, a wind


 * Ckroxa (Singular) = A piece of dirt
 * Ckroxaxa (Plural) = A big piece of dirt, a land

Cases
These are the cases of the Vicnoran language:

This Vicnoran case is called the nominative case. The case is marked as a suffix -a. This case must be writen for a sole, an agent, and even a noun. This case can be writen optionally (except for plural words). Examples: This Vicnoran case is called the absolutive case. The case is marked as a suffix -o. This case must be writen on an object. Examples: Notes:
 * 1) The Nominative Case
 * "Tokcana." = A tree.
 * "Huhumbug metruwini din." = Some pigs was looking at you.
 * "Clontaca nifluvi." = A leaf will fly.
 * 1) The Absolutive Case
 * "Dumowang moskroti kekerokiya-bano" = The cat is following his legs.
 * ''"Ke gobolugri dumilakoko = I have drank the big amount of milk.
 * A dash (-) must be written between a noun and its pronoun possesor if a pronoun is possesing a noun.
 * All cases of Vicnoran must be writen in the reduplication of plurality.