Mahkonglish

Mahkonglish is an English-based creole language spoken in Mahkotarah. Mahkonglish arose out of a situation of prolonged language contact between speakers of many different languages in Mahkonglish.

Mahkonglish shares many linguistic similarities with Manglish and Singlish languages.

Grammar
The grammar of Mahkonglish has been heavily influenced by other languages in the region, such as Malay and Chinese, with some structures being identical to ones in Chinese varieties. As a result, Mahkonglish has acquired some unique features, especially at the basilectal level.

Topic prominence
Mahkonglish is topic-prominent, like Chinese and Malay. This means that Singlish sentences often begin with a topic (or a known reference of the conversation), followed by a comment (or new information). Compared to Standard English, the semantic relationship between topic and comment is not important; moreover, nouns, verbs, adverbs, and even entire subject-verb-object phrases can all serve as the topic:


 * Dis country weather very hot one. – The weather is very warm in this country.
 * Dat joker there cannot trust. – You cannot trust the person over there.
 * Tomorrow no need bring camera. – You don't need to bring a camera tomorrow.
 * He is good at football also very great one leh. – He's very good at playing football too.
 * Walau, I want to eat chicken rice – Damn, I am craving some chicken rice.
 * I will go bus-stop waiting for you – I will be waiting for you at the bus-stop.

The above constructions can be translated analogously into Malay and Chinese, with little change to the word order.

The topic can be omitted when the context is clear, or shared between clauses. This results in constructions that appear to be missing a subject to a speaker of Standard English, and so called PRO-drop utterances may be regarded as a diagnostic feature of Singlish. For example:


 * Not so good lah. – This isn't good.
 * Can't anyhow go like dat one leh. – You/it can't just go like that.
 * How come why never show up? – Why didn't you/he/it show up? (See the use of never in place of didn't under the "Past tense" section.)
 * I like badminton, dat's why I every weekend go play. – I play badminton every weekend because I like it.
 * He not well, so he stay home sleep lor. – He's not feeling well, so he decided to rest at home and sleep!