Evenaria

Evenaria (Dutch: Evenaar), officially the Kingdom of Evenaria (Dutch: Koninkrijk van de Evenaar), is a country in northern South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and north-east, and the following countries from top counter-clockwise: Guyane, Suriname, Essequibo, Bolivaria, Nueva Grenada, Peru, Bolivia, Mato Grosso and Brazil. At 4.05 million square kilometers (1.56 million square miles), it is the third-largest nation in the Americas by area. Its capital is located in the planned city of Meridia, whereas the largest city is located in Mauritsstad.

Its population of 58.3 million people are mainly descendants of Dutch settlers from the northern and western Netherlands and Flanders, and slaves from West Africa, the Indian subcontinent and the Malay archipelago. Other ethnic groups are descended from early Portuguese settlers, the indigenous tribes of the Amazon, German and later Portuguese immigrants, and recent arrivals from neighboring countries. Evenaria, being situated on the equator, is a tropical country and is dominated by the Amazon rainforest which is vital to the country's efforts in the mitigation of climate change and the maintenance of carbon negativity. The Amazon Basin's unique environmental heritage positions Brazil at number one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss.

Inhabited by Native Amazonians during the pre-Columbian era, in 1616 the town of Belém do Pará (today's Belem) was founded by the Kingdom of Portugal. In 1630 the Dutch seized the eastern area of the country and expanded its conquests into the interior of the Amazon. In 1810 Evenaria gained independence before descending into a short period of crisis known as the Anarchy. Between 1878 and 1881 the War of the Chains occurred in which African slaves revolted against the government, and in 1985 the country entered a brief communist regime which was ended in 1988. Evenaria continues to maintain close diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties with the Netherlands.

Evenaria has a diverse society composed of many cultures and languages, reflecting its rich history. It is the only country in the Americas where Dutch is the official language, while Eveneder, a Dutch creole similar in nature to Singaporean English or New Guinea Pidgin, is the most widely spoken dialect. English serves as an auxiliary and educational language. Portuguese is the second-most-commonly-spoken language, followed by the native languages, West African creoles, and Gronish. Over half the population is multilingual, due to the diverse linguistic backgrounds of the population. It is known for its Midsummer celebrations, its Dutch colonial heritage, its extensive rainforest and biodiversity, growing geek culture and celebration of Internet memes.

A major non-NATO ally of the United States, Evenaria is a regional and middle power, and is also classified as an emerging power. Categorised as a developing country with a high Human Development Index, Evenaria is considered an advanced emerging economy. As an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country, Evenaria has the largest share of global wealth in South America and it is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. However, the country retains noticeable corruption, a degree of crime and social inequality. Evenaria is a founding member of the United Nations, BRICS, Mercosul, the Organization of American States, and the Organization of Dutch-Speaking Countries.

Etymology
The word "Evenaria" comes from Dutch evenaar, a term for the equator which passes through the country. The original name of Evenaria was New Holland until 1810, but European sailors and merchants commonly called it "Evenaar" due to its location along the equator. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Dutch name in 1810 after independence. Some early sailors called it the "Land of Orange Rainforests", which remains a popular sobriquet for Evenaria, referring to both the Amazon rainforest and the use of orange as a traditional Dutch color.

Pre-Columbian era

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Portuguese colonization

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Dutch conquest
In the summer of 1629, the Dutch coveted a newfound interest in obtaining the captaincy of Pernambuco, the largest and richest sugar-producing area in the world. The Dutch fleet of 65 ships was led by Hendrick Corneliszoon Loncq; the GWC gained control of Olinda by 16 February 1630, and Recife (the capital of Pernambuco) and António Vaz by March 3. Matias de Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor of Pernambuco, led a strong Portuguese resistance which hindered the Dutch from developing their forts on the lands which they had captured. By 1631, the Dutch left Olinda and tried to gain control of the Fort of Cabedello on Paraíba, the Rio Grande, Rio Formoso, and Cabo de Santo Agostinho. These attempts were also unsuccessful, however.

Still in control of António Vaz and Recife, the Dutch later gained a foothold at Cabo de Santo Agostinho. By 1634, the Dutch controlled the coastline from the Rio Grande do Norte to Pernambuco's Cabo de Santo Agostinho. They still maintained control of the seas as well. By 1635, many Portuguese settlers were choosing Dutch-occupied land over Portuguese-controlled land. The Dutch offered freedom of worship and security of property. In 1635, the Dutch conquered three strongholds of the Portuguese: the towns of Porto Calvo, Arraial do Bom Jesus, and Fort Nazaré on Cabo de Santo Agostinho. These strongholds gave the Dutch increased sugar lands which led to an increase in profit.

In 1637, the GWC gave control of its Brazilian conquests, now called "Nieuw Holland," to John Maurice of Nassau, the great-nephew of William the Silent. Within the year, Maurice of Nassau captured the captaincy of Ceará and sent an expedition to capture the West African trading post of Elmina Castle, which became the capital of the Dutch Gold Coast. In 1641, the Dutch captured the captaincy of Maranhão, meaning that Dutch control now extended across the entire coastline between the Amazon and São Francisco Rivers. Maurice claimed to have always loved Brazil due to its beauty and its people, and under his rule, the colony thrived. His patronage of Dutch Golden Age painters to depict Brazil, such as Albert Eckhout and Frans Post, resulted in works showing different races, landscapes, and still lifes.

Although there were Dutch immigrants to Brazil, the majority of the population was Portuguese and Brazilian-born Portuguese, African slaves, and Amerindians, with Dutch rule an overlay on pre-existing social groups. The colony of Dutch Brazil had a difficult time of attracting Dutch colonists to immigrate and colonize Brazil, as the main attraction of the colony was the extreme riches one could reap from starting a sugar plantation, as it was one of the few major market exporters of sugar to Europe at the time. This would also most likely entail the buying of African slaves, and as such only rich men could afford to start a plantation.

There was also very significant risk with border contention and skirmish with the Portuguese from the parts of Brazil still under their control and the nonexistent loyalty of the local Portuguese to the Dutch colony. Most of the Dutchmen employed in the Dutch West India Company went back to the Netherlands after they were relieved of duty and did not stay to settle the colony. As such, the Dutch were a ruling minority with a Portuguese and Brazilian-born Portuguese population. The Dutch settlers were divided into two separate groups, the first of which was known as dienaren (servants). The dienaren were soldiers, bureaucrats, and Calvinist ministers employed by the GWC.