Ithiel

Ithiel, officially the Federative Republic of Ithiel (Spanish: República Federativa de Ithiel), is a country located in the North Pacific Ocean sharing maritime borders with Japan, Minecraftia, and Russia. With a mainland area of 1,247,783 km2 (481,781 sq mi), It is the 22nd-largest country in the world. With a population of more than 140 million people, It is the eleventh most populous country in the world.

The sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature. Ithiel is a federation composed of 32 federative units (27 provinces, 1 federal district, 4 union territories).

Ithiel is a developing country and ranks 46th on the Human Development Index, tying with Argentina. The nation is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia Summit.

Etymology
The name "Ithiel" comes from the river, Ithiel River, located in the Pavía Province.

Prehistory: 709,000 years ago
There is evidence of early hominins living in what is now Ithiel as early as 709,000 years ago. A small number of bones from the Galo Cave potentially represent an otherwise unknown species, Homo ithielensis, that lived around 50,000 to 67,000 years ago.

Colonization: 1552-1810
Colonization began when Spanish explorers arrived in 1552. From 1552 to 1810, Ithiel was governed as part of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain. Tensions between the Spanish and Ithielians increase as the Spanish tried to re-establish Ithiel as a colony. The Ithielians refused to yield, then declared independence.

Independent Empire: 1810-1845
The Ithielian Revolution of 1810 occurred after the Declaration of Independence. The war was considered to be the bloodiest in Ithiel's history. After months of war for independence, Ithiel was officially a independent state which Spain recognizes just a year later.

Confederated Provinces of the Ithielian Nation: 1845-1983
The Confederated Provinces of the Ithielian Nation was formed after the overthrowing of Emperor Urbano I. Rogelio Orellana stated that it was for the restoration of the Ithielian Nation and time for Democracy. The Confederated Provinces would last until 1983 after the 1983 Ithielian Constitution was in effect.

Federative Republic of Ithiel: since 1983
After a long run of the Confederated Provinces, Ithiel's official name was renamed to the "Federative Republic of Ithiel" after the 1983 Ithielian Constitution was in effect. Former President Miguelito Estanislao stated that the Confederated Provinces was a test run for a Republican Ithiel, and it worked perfectly.

Geography
Ithiel is located in the North Pacific Ocean sharing maritime borders with Japan, Minecraftia, and Russia. With a mainland area of 1,247,783 km2 (481,781 sq mi), It is the 22nd-largest country in the world. The islands are composed of volcanic, coral, principal rock formations. Eight major types of forests are distributed throughout Ithiel; dipterocarp, beach forest, pine forest, molave forest, lower montane forest, upper montane or mossy forest, mangroves, and ultrabasic forest. The mainland area which is located southeast of Japan is where most of the population lives.

Climate
The mainland area experiences 4 different seasons every 2 months; Spring (March to May), Summer (June to August), Autumn (September to November), Winter (December to February). 3 provinces in the southern region experiences a tropical maritime climate that is usually hot and humid.

Biodiversity
Ithiel is a megadiverse country. Around 1,100 land vertebrate species can be found in Ithiel including over 100 mammal species and 170 bird species not thought to exist elsewhere, The Ithielian Eagle is the national animal and bird in the country. Parts of its marine waters contain the highest diversity of shorefish species in the world.

Government
Ithiel is a federal constitutional republic and representative democracy. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the Constitution of Ithiel, the country's supreme legal document. The seat of government is the city of Bolivar, as designated by Congress. Suffrage is universal, equal, secret and mandatory.

The federal government is composed of three branches:


 * The Legislative branch consists of the bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Congress makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties and has the power of the purse and of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. The Chamber of Deputies represents the people and has 300 voting members elected to a four-year term. Seats are apportioned among the provinces by population every tenth year. The Chamber of Senators represents the provinces, has 85 members elected at-large to six-year terms, with each province having three seats; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. At least one-third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women.
 * In the Executive branch, the President is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law—subject to Congressional override—and appoints the members of the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The President is elected directly by the vote of the people, serves a four-year term and may be elected to office no more than twice in a row.
 * The Judicial branch includes the Supreme Court and lower federal courts interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional. The Judicial is independent of the Executive and the Legislative. The Supreme Court has seven members appointed by the President—subject to Senate approval—who serve for life. The lower courts' judges are proposed by the Council of Magistracy (a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, researchers, the Executive and the Legislative), and appointed by the President on Senate approval.

Parties and elections
Ithiel has operated under a multi-party system for most of its history. For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1926, the major parties have been the Ithielian Democratic Coalition (Coalición Democrática Itieliana) founded in 1904, the National Renewal Union (Unión Nacional de Renovación) founded in 1907, and the Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano) founded in 1908.

Federative Units
Ithiel is a federation of 32 federative units (27 provinces, 1 federal district, 4 union territories). Provinces are divided for administration purposes into departments and municipalities. Provinces hold all the power that they chose not to delegate to the federal government; they must be representative republics and must not contradict the Constitution.

Foreign affairs
The foreign affairs of Ithiel are headed by the President, as head of state, and managed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Ithiel has diplomatic missions in all continents. The country is one of the G20 major economies of the world, and a founding member of the UN, WTO, APEC, and the East Asia Summit. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.

Armed forces
The president is the commander-in-chief of the Ithielian Armed Forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Department of Defense administers five of the six service branches, which are made up of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Space Force. The Coast Guard, also a branch of the armed forces, is administered by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and by the Department of the Navy in wartime.

Demographics
Ithiel's 2017 census reported a population of 138,732,341, Its rate of population growth has been increasing since 1990, due to a increasing birth rate. By 2050, the population is expected to reach approximately 176.4 million people. About 85 percent of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40 percent living in the Southern Region of the country.

Language
Spanish is the de facto national language of Ithiel. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as Ithielian naturalization requirements—standardize Spanish, and most provinces have declared Spanish as the official language. Five provinces and two union territories recognized international languages, including Italian, English, Portuguese, and Japanese.

Religion
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion. Although it enforces neither an official nor a state faith, it gives Roman Catholicism a preferential status.

According to a 2008 CONICET poll, Ithielians were 43.5% Catholic, 21.3% Agnostics and Atheists, 11% Evangelical Protestants, 1.7% Jehovah's Witnesses, and 0.9% Mormons, while 1.2% followed other religions, including Islam, Judaism and Buddhism. These figures appear to have changed quite significantly in recent years: data recorded in 2017 indicated that Catholics made up 58% of the population, indicating a drop of 10.5% in nine years, and the nonreligious in the country standing at 19.7% of the population, indicating an almost doubling over the same period.

Health
Health care is provided through a combination of employer and labour union-sponsored plans (Obras Sociales), government insurance plans, public hospitals and clinics and through private health insurance plans. Health care cooperatives number over 300 (of which 200 are related to labour unions) and provide health care for half the population. There are more than 153,000 hospital beds, 121,000 physicians and 37,000 dentists (ratios comparable to developed nations). The relatively high access to medical care has historically resulted in mortality patterns and trends similar to developed nations': from 1953 to 2005, deaths from cardiovascular disease increased from 20% to 23% of the total, those from tumors from 14% to 20%, respiratory problems from 7% to 14%, digestive maladies (non-infectious) from 7% to 11%, strokes a steady 7%, injuries, 6%, and infectious diseases, 4%. Causes related to senility led to many of the rest. Infant deaths have fallen from 19% of all deaths in 1953 to 3% in 2005.

Economy
The Ithielian economy has produced an estimated gross domestic product (nominal) of US$583.8 billion. Primary exports include semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, and fruits. Major trading partners include the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Japan, South Korea, Russia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It's unit of currency is the Ithielian peso (ITP).