Marques

Marques, officially the Federative Republic of Marques (Spanish: República Federativa del Marqués), is an archipelagic country located in the South Pacific Ocean. At a mainland area of 2,570,000 km2 (992,282 sq mi), Marques is the largest archipelagic nation in the world and it's the tenth-largest in the world behind Kazakhstan and Argentina. With a population of 295 million people, It is the fourth-most populous country in the world behind China, India and the United States.

The archipelagic state is a federal and presidential, constitutional republic. It has 31 federal provinces and one federal district. The country's capital, Barros, is the second-most populous city in the nation with a population of 24,312,885 behind Marcelinho with a population of 36,221,345. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Marques has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity.

Marques is a fully developed country and a newly industrialized country, with the largest share of global wealth in Latin America. It is considered an advanced emerging economy.

Etymology
The name "Marques" came from the Marquesian general and national hero, Benjamin Marques

Flag
The Marquesian flag commemorates the Spanish and American flags. The stripes' colors are the colors of the Spanish flag in a U.S flag style. It features the national animal, the Lion.

Prehistory: 175 million years ago
175 million years ago, the Pangea supercontinent broke up. Marques was a big part of Central America until it was broken up and was sent to the South Pacific Ocean.

Colonial rule: 1521-1853
The land now called Marques was claimed for Spain in 1521, with the arrival of Juan Ponce de León in the city of La Ciudad de Oro (now City of De León). The Spaniards encountered indigenous peoples divided into several tribes.

The War of Macías: 1849-1853
Marquesian General, Alonso Cabrera wanted the Spaniards leave his country. This would ignite a war in 1849 and which lasted 4 years

Independence and First Marquesian Republic: 1853-1868
on December 10, 1853, The country was finally independent after the 4-year long "The War of Macías" with Alonso Cabrera as the first President.

American rule and the Commonwealth of Marques: 1868-1889
During a disagreement in 1868 between Marques and the United States. A war ignited resulting the United States won while Marques lost, making Marques a insular area for 21 years.

Second Marquesian Republic: 1889-1957
On November 30, 1889, Marques was officially recognized by the United States as an independent nation and agreed to use the federal system.

Military dictatorship: 1957-1981
The new regime was intended to be transitory but gradually closed in on itself and became a full dictatorship with the promulgation of the Fifth Institutional Act in 1961.

Third Marquesian Republic: since 1981
Civilians returned to power in 1981 when Raymundo Reyes assumed the presidency. Reyes' administration was considered to be Marques' golden age due to exceptional economic growth (25-30% GDP growth from 1982 to 1992), very low poverty rate and low corruption rate.

Geography
Marques is located in the South Pacific Ocean south of Mexico and Central America. Marques is the largest archipelagic country in the world and tenth-largest country in the world, with a total area of 2,570,000km2 (992,282 sq mi). It spans three time zones; UTC-8:00 to UTC-6:00.

Climate
The country is a 4 season country; Summer (December to February), Autumn (March to May), Winter (June to August), Spring (September to November). Temperatures average 13°C (55.4°F).

Biodiversity and environment
Marques is a megadiverse country. Around 1,100 land vertebrate species can be found in Marques including over 100 mammal species and 170 bird species. Parts of its marine waters contain the highest diversity of shorefish species in the world.

Administrative divisions
Marques is a federation composed of 32 federative units (31 federal provinces and one federal district). The provinces are divided to 5 island regions. All provinces are connected by the Marquesian Provincial Superbridge which opened in 1987.


 * Northern Island Region (has 8 provinces)
 * Northeast Island Region (has 9 provinces)
 * Central-West Island Region (has 5 provinces)
 * Southeast Island Region (has 5 provinces)
 * Southern Island Region (has 4 provinces)

Government and politics
Marques is a democratic federative republic, with a presidential system. The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. The current president is Clemente Ventura. The previous president, Pedro Navarro replaced Rogelio Hernandez after his death in 2013. Legislative houses in each political entity are the main source of law in Marques, The National Congress is the Federation's bicameral legislature, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. Judiciary authorities exercise jurisdictional duties almost exclusively. Marques is a democracy, according to the Democracy Index 2010.

The political-administrative organization of the Federative Republic of Marques comprises the Union, the Federal Provinces and the Federal District. The Union, the Federal Provinces and the Federal District, are the "spheres of government". The federation is set on five fundamental principles: sovereignty, citizenship, dignity of human beings, the social values of labor and freedom of enterprise, and political pluralism. The classic tripartite branches of government (executive, legislative and judicial under a checks and balances system) are formally established by the Constitution.

The political system of Marques is operated under the 1982 Marquesian constitution which was finished on October 16, 1982 and was ratified and in effect on November 30, 1982.

Economy
Marques is the fifth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP, approximately US$3.22 trillion (Per capita: US$30,505) (MQ$52.56 trillion; Per capita: MQ$334,888), and the fourth-largest economy in the world by purchasing power parity, approximately US$6.98 trillion (Per capita: US$46,112) (MQ$113.9 trillion; Per capita: MQ$753,103). Marques uses the Marquesian dollar as the official currency.

Energy
Marques is the world's eighth largest energy consumer with much of its energy coming from renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and ethanol; the De Leon dam is the world's second-largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation.

Tourism
Tourism in Marques is a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of the country. The country had 5.89 million visitors in 2015, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the second main destination in South America and third in Latin America after Mexico and Brazil.

Science and technology
Technological research in Marques is largely carried out in public universities and research institutes, with the majority of funding for basic research coming from various government agencies.

In 2019, Marques spent approximately MQ$25.6 billion on domestic research and development, of which around on $7 billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments.

Transport
Marquesian roads are the primary carriers of freight and passenger traffic. The road system totaled 1.72 million km (1.06 million mi) in 2002. The total of paved roads increased from 31,996 km (19,881 mi) in 1967 to 164,410 km (102,159 mi) in 2002.

Education
The Federal Constitution and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education determine that the Union, the Federal Provinces and the Federal District must manage and organize their respective education systems. Each of these public educational systems is responsible for its own maintenance, which manages funds as well as the mechanisms and funding sources. The constitution reserves 25% of the state budget and 18% of federal taxes and municipal taxes for education.

Higher education starts with undergraduate or sequential courses, which may offer different options of specialization in academic or professional careers. Depending on the choice, students can improve their educational background with courses of post-graduate studies or broad sense.

National holidays

 * New Year's Day: January 1
 * Marques Day: March 22
 * Remembrance for the Fallen: May 5
 * Labour Day: August 16
 * Constitution Day: November 30
 * Independence Day: December 10
 * Christmas: December 25

Media
Marquesian media mainly uses Spanish. Marques has three main free-to-air television networks: RTM, ANT and STA. Television commercials last for 2-6 minutes.

International relationships
Marques is a founding member of the United Nations and has alliances with several UN members, most notably the United States, Canada, Spain, the Philippines and North Korea

Marques had relations with former nations, mostly with the Soviet Union, North Vietnam and South Vietnam.